Influence of the hydrophobic material content in the gas diffusion electrodes on the performance of a PEM fuel cell

Moreira, J.; Ocampo, Ana Lilia; Sebastian, P.J.; Smit, Mascha A.; Salazar, Maria; Ángel, P. Del; Montoya, J.A.; Pérez, R.; Ochoa-Martínez, Luz Araceli

doi:10.1016/s0360-3199(02)00143-x

Cited by 70 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, insufficient water removal capability occurs at too low PTFE content. Therefore, optimum PTFE content should be in the range of 10%-30% [110,228,230,[232][233][234]. Unusually, Tüber's investigation [49] suggested that the hydrophilic GDL turned out to be the more effective media in reducing water flooding, due to effective water removal from the CL to the GDL in small fuel cells for portable applications operated at ambient pressure and low temperatures (<30 °C ) and in the current density range of less than 0.25 A cm -2 .…”

Section: Gdl Materials and Structure Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Water Management in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

2009

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At present, despite the great advances in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology over the past two decades through intensive research and development activities, their large-scale commercialization is still hampered by their higher materials cost and lower reliability and durability. In this review, water management is given special consideration. Water management is of vital importance to achieve maximum performance and durability from PEMFCs. On the one hand, to maintain good proton conductivity, the relative humidity of inlet gases is typically held at a large value to ensure that the membrane remains fully hydrated. On the other hand, the pores of the catalyst layer (CL) and the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are frequently flooded by excessive liquid water, resulting in a higher mass transport resistance. Thus, a subtle equilibrium has to be maintained between membrane drying and liquid water flooding to prevent fuel cell degradation and guarantee a high performance level, which is the essential problem of water management. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art studies of water management, including the experimental methods and modeling and simulation for the characterization of water management and the water management strategies. As one important aspect of water management, water flooding has been extensively studied during the last two decades. Herein, the causes, detection, effects on cell performance and mitigation strategies of water flooding are overviewed in detail. In the end of the paper the emphasis is given to: (i) the delicate equilibrium of membrane drying vs. water flooding in water management; (ii) determining which phenomenon is principally responsible for the deterioration of the PEMFC performance, the flooding of the porous electrode or the gas

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Section: Gdl Materials and Structure Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Water Management in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

2009

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“…Normally, hydrophobic materials (Teflon mixed with activated carbon) are used for water diffusion. It has been reported that PEMFC having Teflon content of 10 wt% and 30 wt% in the cathode and anode GDL, respectively, can achieve the best performance (Moreira et al, 2003). Moreover, the GDL transports electrons to or from the catalyst layer, where the reduction and oxidation reactions take place.…”

Section: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (Pemfc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Fuel Cell Technologies

2005

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device for electricity generation using hydrogen fuel. The principal characteristic of a fuel cell is that it can convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with higher efficiencies than conventional mechanical systems. The emission of fuel cells using hydrogen as a fuel is only water vapour. Fuel cells are currently under development for both stationary and mobile applications in response to the need for sustainable energy technology. This paper reviews current status of fuel cell technologies, compares different types of fuel cells. The potential applications of fuel cells are discussed.

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“…of Chemical and Metallurgy, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa leakage of reactants and coolant, and also, to remove heat from the active areas. [9] Recent cost studies by Directed Technologies, Inc. (DTI) have projected the cost of Bipolar plate to be the largest single component of the cost of a PEMFC system at high volume production (500,000 stacks/year), with application of the bipolar plate accounting for 45 percent of the stack cost of $25/Kw. [2] Strategies are being pursued to help reduce costs and improve bipolar plate durability, by lowering precious Group Metal content through development of innovative Nanostructure materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Copper/Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Bipolar Plate Using Cold Spray Technique

2016

IJAMAE

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Abstract-This paper studies the possibility of using Cold Spray (CS) technique to fabricate Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNTs) re-enforced Copper (Cu) bipolar plate for possible application in Fuel cells. Copper (Cu) was chosen because of its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good tensile strength, and moderate corrosion resistance. On the other hand, MWCNTs were selected because of their extra-ordinary high mechanical strength, and electrical and thermal conductivity. In addition, as a carbon base product, MWCNTs are green compliant. Before deposition, the MWCNTs were dispersed in Copper (Cu) using a planetary ball mill. Then, the mixture was sprayed using LowPressure Cold Spray System (LP-CS) at a temperature 400⁰C and air pressure 140 psi (8.25 bar). The coatings were then characterized for microstructures using Scanning Electron Microscope and tested for electrical and thermal conductivity. The results of these experimental activities showed that the MWCNTs-Cu composite coatings deposited by LP-CS have enhanced thermal and electrical conductivity, and improve mechanical strength. This demonstrate that Cold Spray (CS) is a suitable technique for fabrication of MWCNTreinforced Cu bipolar plate for possible application in fuel cells.

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Influence of the hydrophobic material content in the gas diffusion electrodes on the performance of a PEM fuel cell

Cited by 70 publications

References 7 publications

A Review of Water Management in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

A Review of Water Management in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Current Status of Fuel Cell Technologies

Fabrication of Copper/Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Bipolar Plate Using Cold Spray Technique

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