“…Ultrasonic waves could propagate through wheat flour dough systems in shear or transversal (Leroy, Pitura, Scanlon, & Page, 2010) and compressional or longitudinal (Daugelaite et al, 2017) modes. Consequently, a large amount of work has been dedicated to the study of bubbles in wheat flour dough using longitudinal ultrasound waves (Bellido, 2007;Fan, 2007;Koksel, 2014;Koksel, Strybulevych, Aritan, Page, & Scanlon, 2017;Mehta et al, 2009;Scanlon et al, 2011;Strybulevych et al, 2012). Given the high attenuation of shear waves in materials containing liquids and gases, longitudinal waves are mostly used to evaluate wheat flour dough properties (Scanlon & Page, 2015).…”