Nuestros resultados sugieren que algunos de estos polimorfismos pueden afectar el peso corporal y la composición corporal durante una intervención de pérdida de peso y durante el seguimiento posterior de 3 años, sin embargo estos efectos no son determinantes y deben ser replicados. Ideogram of human karyotype with loci for Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO), Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) (green line), monogenic mutations (green triangle), selected obesity candidate genes (red triangle) and QTLs identified by genome-wide linkage scans (red line) Source: (Loos and Bouchard 2003) Each point represents one pair of twins (A and B). The closer the points are to the diagonal line, the more similar the twins are to each other. Source: (Bouchard et al. 1990) In a subsequent study of Bouchard et al. seven male identical twin pairs completed a 93 day negative energy balance program with exercise. In weight loss (mean 5.0 kg; equal fat loss as fat free mass was unchanged) there were large individual differences Figure 6. Similarity within pairs with respect to decrease in body weight (left) and body fat (right) in 14 pairs of obese twins Source: (Hainer et al. 2000) Bouchard also suggested that the heterogeneity of responsiveness to regular exercise (not everybody responds the same way/ same equally to exercise or any environmental impact) is trait specific. In other words, someone who is low responder stimulating hormone) (Strobel et al. 1998). Leptin expression is increased by overfeeding, insulin, glucocorticoids, endotoxin and cytokines and is decreased by fasting, testosterone, thyroid hormone and exposure to cold temperature (Yang and Barouch 2007; Fried et al. 2000). However, acute changes in food intake do not induce short-term increases in plasma leptin levels (Jequier 2002; Considine et al. 1996), in contrast to rodents, where leptin gene expression is stimulated by eating and leptin administration acutely reduces food intake (Campfield less final percentage fat than Glu490 carriers (p=0.025, 1.94%). Finally, interaction with sex and exercise was seen for percentage FFM, among women the Asp490Asp group ended up with higher values than Glu490 carriers (p=0.005, 2.76%). Conclusions Our results uncover a possible influence of the Glu490Asp polymorphism of the MCT1 gene on body composition responses. It seems that the absence of the Glu40 allele implies less weight, BMI and percentage fat at the end of the program, especially in non-supervised women. However, further studies are necessary to confirm these results and clarify the underlying mechanisms.