Influence of the Menopause on Ischaemic Heart Disease and its Risk Factors and on Bone Mineral Content

Lindquist, Olof

doi:10.3109/00016348209155351

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Both estrogens caused an elevation in HDL cholesterol but E2V did not induce a concomitant increase in serum triglycerides which would suggest a more physiological, 'female' effect of the latter compound. This interpretation is based on the finding that fertile females have lower serum triglycerides and higher HDL cholesterol levels than males of corresponding age (18,34). The same differences are true in a comparison between fertile and post-menopausal women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Lipid Metabolic Studies in Oophorectomized Women: Effects Induced by Two Different Estrogens on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins

Silfverstolpe¹,

Gustafson²,

Samsioe³

et al. 1980

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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11 oophorectomized women (mean age 34.5 ± 5.9) were given the 17-C-alkylated ethinyl estradiol (EE) 20 µg/day and the non-alkylated estrogen, estradiol valeri-anate (E₂V) 2 mg/day for 6 weeks in separate periods preceded by 6 weeks without hormonal replacement therapy. Blood samples were drawn before and after 6 weeks on each estrogen. Serum phospholipids, cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed. Preparative ultra-centrifugation with the isolation of the very low density (VLDL; d < 1.006 g/ml); the low density (LDL; d = 1.006–1.063 g/ml) and the high density lipoprotein (HDL;d > 1.063 g/ ml) fraction was carried out. In the three lipoprotein fractions, phospholipid, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. An oral glucose tolerance test with concomitant plasma insulin determinations was performed. In the present study EE caused an increase in serum total and LDL triglycerides while there was a reduction of triglycerides in serum as well as in VLDL and LDL when E₂V was administered. There was a positive correlation between plasma insulin values during oral glucose tolerance test and serum and VLDL triglycerides when E₂V was administered. This finding supports earlier studies indicating that insulin (or rather the insulin-glucagon relationship) influences the hepatic triglyceride production rate. Both EE and E₂V increased HDL cholesterol, but E₂V did not induce a concomitant increase in serum triglycerides which would suggest a more physiological effect from the latter compound since fertile females have lower serum triglycerides and higher HDL cholesterol levels than males of corresponding age. The same differences are true in a comparison between fertile and post-menopausal women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Lipid Metabolic Studies in Oophorectomized Women: Effects Induced by Two Different Estrogens on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins

Silfverstolpe¹,

Gustafson²,

Samsioe³

et al. 1980

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…The importance of these findings is linked to the health implications of an accelerated menopausal transition, which include increased susceptibility to chronic diseases of aging, such as cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, reproductive system cancers, diabetes, and osteoporosis. [32][33][34][35] It has been suggested that early natural menopause can be associated with increased risk for mortality or a reduced life expectancy as well as reduced cognitive functioning, [36][37][38] and also that sterilization can induce both depression and anxiety in men and women. 39 Research on the psychological effects of early menopause is needed that goes beyond our findings of the association between tubal ligation and perimenopausal symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubal Ligation, Menstrual Changes, and Menopausal Symptoms

Visvanathan¹,

Wyshak

2000

Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine

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One of the problematic effects of tubal sterilization is menstrual changes or disorders, although the results of studies in this area have been inconsistent and inconclusive. Recently, there has been growing evidence that tubal sterilization protects against ovarian cancer, possibly through physiological transformations that result in ovarian dysfunction and decline. This report explores the possibility that the biological mechanism of ovarian dysfunction and decline may affect the menstrual and menopausal changes that result from hormonal imbalances. Using data from a homogeneous population of college alumnae assessed for health status, athletic history, and lifestyle characteristics, we focused on a premenopausal subgroup of women in the age range of 40-44 years and with at least one pregnancy. Multivariate analyses were performed to compare sterilized women (n = 56/516, 11%) in this subgroup with nonsterilized women (89%). The two groups were alike in mean age, mean parity, body mass index, smoking history, physical activity levels, and athletic status. Factors that significantly distinguished sterilized women from nonsterilized women were perimenopausal symptoms, such as flushing, sweating, breast pain, vaginal dryness, and pain associated with menstrual cycles.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In non-Caucasian women, however, menopause seems to occur earlier. American and South African black women have an earlier menopause than their white counterparts.…”

Section: Menopausementioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of the association between hypertension and menopause

1998

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Menopause is a normal aging phenomenon in women and consists of the gradual transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive phase of life. The median age at the menopause is currently around 50 years. As a result of the increasing life expectancy in the first and second worlds, many women will be postmenopausal for over one-third of their lives. The influence of menopause per se on blood pressure remains

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Influence of the Menopause on Ischaemic Heart Disease and its Risk Factors and on Bone Mineral Content

Cited by 18 publications

References 123 publications

Lipid Metabolic Studies in Oophorectomized Women: Effects Induced by Two Different Estrogens on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins

Lipid Metabolic Studies in Oophorectomized Women: Effects Induced by Two Different Estrogens on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins

Tubal Ligation, Menstrual Changes, and Menopausal Symptoms

The epidemiology of the association between hypertension and menopause

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