Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Sympathetic Activity, Baroreflex Sensitivity, and Vascular Transduction in Young Women

Minson, Christopher T.; Halliwill, John R.; Young, Tamica M.; Joyner, Michael J.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.8.862

Cited by 446 publications

(515 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The present study did not notice any differences in the basal heart rate between the phases, which is similar to the findings of many other studies [17][18][19][20]. Similarly the insignificant differences in basal SBP and DBP values in this study were also in concordance with the findings of Sato et al, [11].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Similarly the insignificant differences in basal SBP and DBP values in this study were also in concordance with the findings of Sato et al, [11]. Likewise a few studies have also reported similar results with respect to the mean arterial pressure [18,19,21]. This has been suggested to be because, the changes in HPA functioning over the course of the menstrual cycle are barely reflected in resting parameters and which may become prominent when the system is activated by a potent psychosocial stressor [16].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Study of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

2014

JCDR

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Background: It is a well known fact that normally female sex hormone levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. The presence of receptors for these hormones on both heart and blood vessels may also hint at variations in physiological functions during menstrual cycle. So this study was an attempt to determine whether the follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle are characterized by variations in cardiovascular parameters in the resting state and also examine changes in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress challenge during both the phases of menstrual cycle.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Study of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

2014

JCDR

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“…47 In another report, increases of plasma levels of oestrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle were found to be associated with increased MSNA. 48 In that report, the baroreceptor reflex sensitivity controlling MSNA was found to be increased in relation to increased plasma levels of oestrogen and progesterone. 48 Although we did not examine the mechanisms underlying the observed gender-related differences, taking the above considerations together with previously published reports, 20,41,49,50 it is reasonable to raise the possibility that the lower sympathetic activity in women could be related to their greater sympatho-inhibitory baroreceptor reflexes than those in men.…”

Section: For Hypertensive Women (F-eht) and Men (M-eht) Normotensivementioning

confidence: 87%

The effect of gender on the sympathetic nerve hyperactivity of essential hypertension

2006

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We planned to determine whether or not there is a difference in the level of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) between hypertensive women and hypertensive men. Sympathetic activation of essential hypertension (EHT) has been associated with increased cardiovascular events, which are known to be less likely to occur in women than in men. Normal women have been reported to have less sympathetic nerve activity than men, but no reported data are available regarding gender differences in sympathetic activity in hypertensive subjects. We examined 36 patients with untreated and uncomplicated EHT comprising 18 women and 18 men, and 36 normal controls comprising 18 women and 18 men. MSNA was quantified as the mean frequency of single units and as multiunit bursts using the technique of microneurography. The hypertensive groups had greater sympathetic nerve activity than the control groups. Female hypertensives had lower (Po0.001) single unit hyperactivity (5671.7 impulses/100 cardiac beats) than male hypertensives (7271.7 impulses/100 cardiac beats). Normotensive females had lower (Po0.01) single unit activity (4273.6 impulses/100 cardiac beats) than normotensive males (5674.6 impulses/100 cardiac beats). Similar results were obtained for the frequency of multiunit burst activity. Hypertension in women is associated with a lower level of central sympathetic hyperactivity than in men. It is suggested that this may at least partly explain the observed lower hypertension-related cardiovascular events in women than in men. In addition, the findings may have implications for gender-specific management of hypertension.

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“…[7][8][9][10] Several studies have shown that respiration contributes importantly to short-term modulation of sympathetic nerve traffic. [11][12][13][14][15] MSNA increases at end expiration and decreases to minimum levels at end inspiration. 11 Little is known about the contribution of spontaneous respiratory rate to baseline MSNA burst frequency.…”

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confidence: 95%

Sympathetic Neural Outflow and Chemoreflex Sensitivity Are Related to Spontaneous Breathing Rate in Normal Men

et al. 2006

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Abstract-Respiration contributes importantly to short-term modulation of sympathetic nerve activity. However, the relationship between spontaneous breathing rate, chemoreflex function, and direct measures of sympathetic traffic in healthy humans has not been studied previously. We tested the hypothesis that muscle sympathetic nerve activity and chemoreflex sensitivity are linked independently to respiratory rate in normal subjects. We studied 69 normal male subjects aged 29.6Ϯ8.1 years. Subjects were subdivided according to the tertiles of respiratory rate distributions. Mean respiration rate was 10.6 breaths/min in the first tertile, 14.8 breaths/min in the second tertile, and 18.0 breaths/min in the third tertile. Subjects from the third tertile (faster respiratory rate) had greater sympathetic activity than subjects from the first tertile (slower respiratory rate; 29Ϯ3 versus 17Ϯ2 bursts/min; PϽ0.001).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only respiratory rate was linked independently to sympathetic activity (rϭ0.42; PϽ0.001). In comparison to subjects with slow respiratory rate, subjects with fast respiratory rate had greater increases in minute ventilation during both hypercapnia (7.3Ϯ0.8 versus 3.2Ϯ1.0 L/min; Pϭ0.005) and hypoxia (5.7Ϯ0.8 versus 2.4Ϯ0.7 L/min; Pϭ0.007). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity and chemoreflex sensitivity are linked to spontaneous respiratory rate in normal humans. Faster respiratory rate is associated with higher levels of sympathetic traffic and potentiated responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Spontaneous breathing frequency, central sympathetic outflow, and chemoreflex sensitivity exhibit significant and hitherto unrecognized interactions in the modulation of neural circulatory control. Key Words: autonomic nervous system Ⅲ sympathetic nervous system Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ heart rate T he sympathetic nervous system plays a central role in cardiovascular regulation in both health and disease. Sympathetic activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and congestive heart failure. [1][2][3][4] In healthy humans, muscle sympathetic nervous activity (MSNA) varies widely across subjects but is relatively reproducible within the same individual. 5,6 The substantial between-subject variance in sympathetic traffic can be only partially explained by age, body mass index, blood pressure, reflex mechanisms, and genetic factors. [7][8][9][10] Several studies have shown that respiration contributes importantly to short-term modulation of sympathetic nerve traffic. 11-15 MSNA increases at end expiration and decreases to minimum levels at end inspiration. 11 Little is known about the contribution of spontaneous respiratory rate to baseline MSNA burst frequency. It has been proposed that respiration affects timing but not tonic levels of sympathetic nervous activity. 12 However, in congestive heart failure, MSNA is related to spontaneous respiratory rate. Patients with rapid breathing, a pattern commonly observed in heart failure,...

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Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Sympathetic Activity, Baroreflex Sensitivity, and Vascular Transduction in Young Women

Cited by 446 publications

References 22 publications

Study of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

Study of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

The effect of gender on the sympathetic nerve hyperactivity of essential hypertension

Sympathetic Neural Outflow and Chemoreflex Sensitivity Are Related to Spontaneous Breathing Rate in Normal Men

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