Influence of the Metal Volume Fraction on the permanent dent depth and energy absorption of GLARE plates subjected to low velocity impact

Bikakis, Gse; Savaidis, A.; Zalimidis, Pavlos; Tsitos, S

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/161/1/012055

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…If it is considered that titanium/composite interface fracture toughness is much lower in comparison to aluminum/composite, the meaning of interfaces number probably is strongly limited (in the range of 2 to 6-such minimum and maximum numbers of metal/composite interfaces were considered). This is perhaps the reason that the true results do not show sensitivity on impact behavior because of increasing the interfaces in the mentioned range, even if some authors shows dependences for GLARE laminates [25]. Because of that, the number of interfaces was not a reference point in the manuscript.…”

Section: The Final Damage Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this, it can be stated that the number of layers with different thermal expansion coefficients should not be an important side effect for impact resistance and stress distribution when the metal volume fraction will be varied. Bikakis et al [25] concluded that MVF can be used as a qualitative design parameter in order to alter the permanent dent depth and the absorbed impact energy of GLARE plates with equal thickness in a consistent manner, provided that the basic lay-up and number of aluminum and prepreg layers remain unchanged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Layer Thicknesses in Hybrid Titanium–Carbon Laminates on Low-Velocity Impact Response

et al. 2019

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The purpose of the work was the effect of metal volume fraction of fiber metal laminates on damage after dynamic loads based upon the example of innovative hybrid titanium–carbon composite laminates. The subject of the study was metal–fiber hybrid titanium–carbon composite laminates. Four types of hybrid titanium–carbon laminates were designed with various metal volume fraction coefficient but constant thickness. Based on the results, it can be stated that changes in the metal volume fraction coefficient in the range of 0.375–0.6 in constant thickness titanium–carbon composite laminates do not significantly affect their resistance to impacts in the energy range of 5–45 J. It was concluded that there were no significant differences in maximum force values, total contact time, and damage range. Some tendency towards a reduction in the energy accumulation capacity was observed with an increase in thickness of the metal part in relation to the total thickness of the laminate, especially in the lower impact energy range. This can result in the lower bending stiffness of laminates with lower metal content and potential elastic strain of the composite part before the initiation of the fiber damage process.

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Section: The Final Damage Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Layer Thicknesses in Hybrid Titanium–Carbon Laminates on Low-Velocity Impact Response

et al. 2019

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“…Besides, the metal volume fraction (MVF) of GLARE influences the ILSS and the energy dissipation. As found, the permanent dissipated impact energy decreases for increasing the MVF [72], while a single Al sheet bonded with adhesive offers the best ILSS [73]. It would be wise, therefore, to evaluate the combined influence of MVF and operating temperature on the impact resistance of GLARE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Interface Failure of Heated GLARETM Fiber–Metal Laminates under Bird Strike

Hasan

2020

Aerospace

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Many high-strength composite materials have been developed for aircraft structures. GLAss fiber REinforced aluminum (GLARE) is one of the high-performance composites. The review of articles, however, yielded no study on the impact damage of heated GLARE laminates. This study, therefore, aimed at developing a numerical model that can delineate the continuum damage of GLARE 5A-3/2-0.3 laminates at elevated temperatures. In the first stage, the inter-laminar interface failure of heated GLARE laminate had been investigated at room temperature and 80 °C. The numerical analysis employed a three-dimensional GLARE 5A-3/2-0.3 model that accommodated volumetric cohesive interfaces between mating material layers. Lagrangian smoothed particles populated the projectile. The model considered the degradation of tensile and shear modulus of glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GF/EP) at 80 °C, while incorporated temperature-dependent critical strain energy release rate of cohesive interfaces. When coupled with the material particulars, an 82 m/s bird impact at room temperature exhibited delamination first in the GF/EP 90°/0° interface farthest from the impacted side. Keeping the impact velocity, interface failure propagated at a slower rate at 80 °C than that at room temperature, which was in agreement with the impact damage determined in the experiments. The outcomes of this study will help optimize a GLARE laminate based on the anti-icing temperature of aircraft.

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“…The deformation of FML as well as the energy absorption was dependent on the thickness of metal layers 52,56,57) . This was because the MVF influenced the peak load, deflection at peak load, EA and SEA of the structure 48,67,68) . Nevertheless, sandwiched composite laminate with 2/1 layup configuration had better impact resistance and exhibited less deformation or cracking than 3/2 and 4/3 layup because the composite laminates were continuously stacked together 52,60) .…”

Section: Fig 7 Perforation Energy and Specific Perforation Energy Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Mechanical Properties and Response of Fibre Metal Laminate under Impact Loading (Experiment)

Awi¹,

Abdullah²

2023

Evergreen

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Fibre metal laminate (FMLs) are hybrid composite materials which consisted of metallic layers and fibre-reinforced polymer. Currently, FMLs are becoming increasingly utilized in a wide range of applications, such as aircraft, automotive, marine, sporting goods and medical due to their specific mechanical properties like superior impact resistance and fatigue resistance. ARALL (Aramid-Reinforced Aluminium Laminate), which is based on aramid fibres, GLARE (Glass Reinforced Aluminium Laminate), which is based on high-strength glass fibres and CARALL (Carbon Reinforced Aluminium Laminate), which is based on carbon fibres, are the most commercial products FMLs. This article analyzes pertinent literature associated with experimental work on FMLs and their constituent materials subjected to impact loading. It reviewed the mechanical properties, impact performance indices, crushing behavior, failure modes, and failure mechanisms of various FML structures with different variables (impact energy, fibre orientation, layup configuration, stacking sequence, metal arrangement, direction and type of reinforcement, laminate thickness, metal thickness) under impact conditions (lateral and axial impacts). Overall, the literature on the response of FML flat plate structures to axial impact loads is unreported, and the most current research focusing on the axial crushing of FML tubes. Hence, further studies are required to increase the applicability of FMLs in applications that may be impacted under axial loading.

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Influence of the Metal Volume Fraction on the permanent dent depth and energy absorption of GLARE plates subjected to low velocity impact

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

The Effect of Layer Thicknesses in Hybrid Titanium–Carbon Laminates on Low-Velocity Impact Response

The Effect of Layer Thicknesses in Hybrid Titanium–Carbon Laminates on Low-Velocity Impact Response

Interface Failure of Heated GLARETM Fiber–Metal Laminates under Bird Strike

A Review on Mechanical Properties and Response of Fibre Metal Laminate under Impact Loading (Experiment)

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