Influence of the microbiome on radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and its management: A comprehensive review

Forné, África Fernández; Anaya, M.J. Garcia; Guillot, S.; Andrade, Isabel; Fernández, Lourdes de la Peña; Ocón, María J.; Pérez, Yolanda Lupiáñez; Queipo-Ortuño, María Isabel; Gómez-Millán, Jaime

doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106488

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 106 publications

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“…Hong et al also demonstrated that OM severity is associated with 5-FU [134]. Modification of oral microbiome is a promising preventive treatment for OM [135,136]. Palifermin, which is the only pharmacological agent approved by the FDA to treat OM, is a recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) that targets the KGF receptor to enhance the differentiation and maturation of epithelial cells [132,137].…”

Section: Microbiota and Treatment Outcomes Of Osccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Implications of Oral Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Wang,

Gao

2023

Current Oncology

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Microorganisms in the oral cavity are abundant in the human body. At present, more than 700 species of oral microorganisms have been identified. Recently, a lot of literature has indicated that the oral microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through various mechanisms. And researchers are now trying to utilize oral microbiota in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, few articles systematically summarize the effects of oral microbes in the diagnosis, treatment, and disease outcomes of oral cancer. Herein, we made a summary of the microbial changes at cancerous sites and placed more emphasis on the mechanisms by which the oral microbiome promotes cancerization. Moreover, we aimed to find out the clinical value of the oral microbiome in OSCC.

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Section: Microbiota and Treatment Outcomes Of Osccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Implications of Oral Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Wang,

Gao

2023

Current Oncology

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Quantifying periodontitis‐associated oral dysbiosis in tongue and saliva microbiomes—An integrated data analysis

Chew,

Tan,

Chen

et al. 2024

Journal of Periodontology

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BackgroundPeriodontitis is primarily driven by subgingival biofilm dysbiosis. However, the quantification and impact of this periodontal dysbiosis on other oral microbial niches remain unclear. This study seeks to quantify the dysbiotic changes in tongue and salivary microbiomes resulting from periodontitis by applying a clinically relevant dysbiosis index to an integrated data analysis.MethodsThe National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database was searched to identify BioProjects with published studies on salivary and tongue microbiomes of healthy and periodontitis subjects. Raw sequence datasets were processed using a standardized bioinformatic pipeline and categorized by their ecological niche and periodontal status. The subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI), a dysbiosis index originally developed using the subgingival microbiome, was computed at species and genus levels and customized for each niche. Its diagnostic accuracy for periodontitis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsFour studies, contributing 328 microbiome samples, were included. At both species and genus levels, periodontitis samples had a higher SMDI, but the differences were only significant for subgingival biofilm and saliva (p < 0.001). However, SMDI showed good diagnostic accuracy for periodontitis status for all three niches (area under curve ranging from 0.76 to 0.90, p < 0.05). The dysbiosis index of subgingival biofilm was positively correlated with saliva consistently (p < 0.001) and with the tongue at the genus level (p = 0.036).ConclusionsWhile the impact on the tongue microbiome requires further investigation, periodontitis‐associated dysbiosis affects the salivary microbiome and is quantifiable using the dysbiosis index. The diagnostic potential of salivary microbial dysbiosis as a convenient periodontal biomarker for assessing periodontal status has potential public health and clinical applications.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYPeriodontitis, a severe inflammation of the gums which causes bone loss, is a disease caused by an imbalance of good and bad bacteria under the gums. However, it is unclear how this bacterial imbalance in the gums affects the bacterial balance of other distinct parts of the mouth, such as the saliva and tongue. This study uses bacteria datasets of four previously published studies, contributing a total of 328 bacterial samples. The data were processed using a uniform data analysis workflow, and a bacterial score, the subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI), previously shown to capture periodontitis‐associated bacteria imbalance, was calculated separately for samples from under the gums, the saliva, and the tongue. The SMDI was able to distinguish between health and periodontitis within each oral location, and in general, the scores were higher for periodontitis samples, though this difference was significant only for bacteria under the gums and in saliva. Saliva scores were also consistently correlated with bacteria under the gums. This study shows that periodontitis‐associated bacterial imbalances are observed in oral locations beyond just under the gums, particularly the saliva. Thus, saliva bacteria may be used as a convenient biomarker for assessing gum disease, allowing for potential public health and clinical applications.

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Updated perspectives on the contribution of the microbiome to the pathogenesis of mucositis using the MASCC/ISOO framework

Stringer,

Hargreaves,

Mendes

et al. 2024

Support Care Cancer

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Advances in the treatment of cancer have significantly improved mortality rates; however, this has come at a cost, with many treatments still limited by their toxic side effects. Mucositis in both the mouth and gastrointestinal tract is common following many anti-cancer agents, manifesting as ulcerative lesions and associated symptoms throughout the alimentary tract. The pathogenesis of mucositis was first defined in 2004 by Sonis, and almost 20 years on, the model continues to be updated reflecting ongoing research initiatives and more sophisticated analytical techniques. The most recent update, published by the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer and the International Society for Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO), highlights the numerous co-occurring events that underpin mucositis development. Most notably, a role for the ecosystem of microorganisms that reside throughout the alimentary tract (the oral and gut microbiota) was explored, building on initial concepts proposed by Sonis. However, many questions remain regarding the true causal contribution of the microbiota and associated metabolome. This review aims to provide an overview of this rapidly evolving area, synthesizing current evidence on the microbiota’s contribution to mucositis development and progression, highlighting (i) components of the 5-phase model where the microbiome may be involved, (ii) methodological challenges that have hindered advances in this area, and (iii) opportunities for intervention.

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Influence of the microbiome on radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and its management: A comprehensive review

Cited by 8 publications

References 106 publications

Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Implications of Oral Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Implications of Oral Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Quantifying periodontitis‐associated oral dysbiosis in tongue and saliva microbiomes—An integrated data analysis

Updated perspectives on the contribution of the microbiome to the pathogenesis of mucositis using the MASCC/ISOO framework

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