Influence of the number of repellent-treated and untreated food or water containers on intake by the European starling

Hile, Arla G.; Tordoff, Michael G.

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2005.03.009

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Tordoff's mouse studies revealed greater intake of alcohol [44] and other taste solutions [45] when extra bottles were offered. The number of fluid sources influenced starlings' intake in a study of chemical repellents [14]. Rats given four cups of standard chow ate more than those given only one, but intakes were equal in other groups given one or four cups of high-fat chow [25].…”

Section: Number Of Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

Ackroff

Bonacchi

Magee

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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Recent work suggested that the energy intake and weight gain of rats maintained on chow and 32% sucrose solution could be increased by simply offering more sources of sucrose (Tordoff, 2002). In Experiment 1 this procedure was replicated but the effect was not: rats given one bottle of sucrose and five bottles of water consumed as much sucrose as those given five bottles of sucrose and one of water. Adding different flavors to the sucrose did not increase intakes further in Experiment 2. The relative potency of sucrose and other optional foods was studied in Experiment 3. Sucrose solution stimulated more overeating and weight gain than fat (vegetable shortening), and offering both sucrose and shortening did not generate further increases in energy intake. Finally, foods commonly used to produce overeating and weight gain were compared. Sucrose was less effective than a high-fat milk diet, and offering cookies in addition to the milk did not increase energy intake further. The nature of optional foods (nutrient composition and physical form) was markedly more important than the number of food sources available to the animals, and is a better contender as the reason for "obesity by choice". KeywordsFood choice; Variety; Fat; Sugar The widespread availability of tasty, inexpensive, energy dense foods, which are typically rich in sugar and fat, is thought to contribute to the increasing prevalence of human obesity [e.g., 26,32]. A useful animal model for this phenomenon exists: laboratory rats overeat and gain excessive weight when offered a cafeteria of palatable high-fat and high-sugar foods in addition to their nutritionally complete chow diet [e.g., 34,36,37]. Another potentially important variable in diet-induced obesity studies is the availability of food, e.g., the number of sources of food offered [43]. In confirmation of prior studies [e.g, 16,29,40], rats offered a 32% sucrose solution in addition to chow and water consumed more total energy (sucrose + chow) and gained more weight than rats given only chow and water. The surprising finding of Tordoff's study was that rats given access to five bottles of sucrose and one of water consumed significantly more sucrose and total energy than did rats given only one bottle of sucrose and five bottles of water. This is seemingly a situation that mimics the human case of abundant palatable food, with a larger number of sources leading to greater overeating. Tordoff [43] suggested that this was related to the overeating observed in cafeteria studies.Beyond the contributions of sugar and fat per se, variety in the available foods and their flavors has been linked to overeating and obesity in humans and animals [e.g., 27,28,36]. Laboratory

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Section: Number Of Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

Ackroff

Bonacchi

Magee

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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show abstract

“…Some species such as starlings are also agricultural pests; both pure and applied research on these species is therefore important for understanding when they will choose not to eat specifi c foods and for the development and testing of potential avian repellents (Hile 2004;Hile and Tordoff 2005;Skelhorn and Rowe 2009). …”

Section: Foragingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Passerine Bird Species in Laboratory Research: Implications of Basic Biology for Husbandry and Welfare

Bateson¹,

Feenders²

2010

ILAR Journal

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Passerine birds are important models in fundamental biological research, with as many as 300,000 individuals used in laboratory experiments worldwide annually. However, because the use of passerines is rare compared with that of more conventional laboratory animals, there is often a lack of information about the basic biology and husbandry requirements of these species. We aim to address this deficit by providing an overview of the most salient aspects of passerine biology and their implications for laboratory husbandry and welfare. We start by describing the characteristics that make these birds useful and interesting research subjects. Specifically, we highlight features (e.g., birdsong) of passerine biology that differentiate these birds from more common laboratory animals. Next, we consider the implications of passerine biology for husbandry in the laboratory. Many of the aspects of passerine biology that make these species valuable to scientists are also likely to be affected by environmental variables; a good knowledge of these variables is necessary in order to choose appropriate laboratory conditions for passerines. We outline how the developmental history of the birds and choices of caging, feeding, and environmental regimes might influence their physiology and behavior and thus affect both the welfare of the birds and the quality of the resulting data. We stress the importance of a sound understanding of the biology of any species to ensure good welfare and good science.

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Influence of the number of repellent-treated and untreated food or water containers on intake by the European starling

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

The Use of Passerine Bird Species in Laboratory Research: Implications of Basic Biology for Husbandry and Welfare

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