Influence of the Oxide and Ethanol Surface Layer on Phase Transformation of Al-Based Nanocomposite Powders under High-Energy Milling

Janovszky, D.

doi:10.3390/ma12081305

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the dry milling process, excessive cold welding and agglomeration between particles occurred due to high mechanical energy and the ductility of the stainless steel, which is consistent with the previous literature [15,16]. On the other hand, since the SS316L powders were adequately dispersed in the solvent during the wet milling, the ethanol acted as a lubricant, preventing cold welding and friction between particles [17,18]. Therefore, all subsequent experiments were conducted based on the wet milling process.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Morphology transformation of stainless steel 316L powder from spheres to flakes using high-energy ball milling and the investigation of transformation behaviour

Lee

Park³

et al. 2023

Powder Metallurgy

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Today, microfiltration plays the most significant role in removing fine particulate impurities in gas streams used in high-tech industries. However, the current SS316L gas filter has a limitation in enhancing performance due to the trade-off relationship between filterability and permeability. This limitation can be overcome by the geometrical effect of the gas filter that maximises inertial impaction and diffusion interception due to complex flow channels using small flake particles. However, since the smaller the particle size, the yield strength higher, there are few reports of preparing the small flake particles by plastic deformation. This study used a high-energy ball milling process to demonstrate the preparation method for small stainless steel 316L flake particles. Furthermore, the process parameters are systematically optimised to fully transform the spherical particles into thin platelets without fracture and cold welding, and the transformation behaviour is discussed in detail.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Morphology transformation of stainless steel 316L powder from spheres to flakes using high-energy ball milling and the investigation of transformation behaviour

Lee

Park³

et al. 2023

Powder Metallurgy

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“…PCA functions to avoid cold welding and bonding between the powder particles. However, PCA is also known to change material characteristics [ 25 ]. In the case of the milling treatment of BHA, the use of PCA may change its natural characteristics, which is not desirable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study by Ruksudjarit et al [ 24 ] synthesized a nano-hydroxyapatite using the wet ball milling method with ethanol as the milling media. Ethanol is widely used as a process control agent (PCA) in the milling process of biomaterials [ 25 ]. However, the use of ethanol and other organic solvents is known to be the most common source of contamination of obtained materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Submicron-Scale Bovine Hydroxyapatite: A Top-Down Approach for a Natural Biomaterial

et al. 2022

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Submicron hydroxyapatite has been reported to have beneficial effects in bone tissue engineering. This study aimed to fabricate submicron-scale bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) using the high-energy dry ball milling method. Bovine cortical bone was pretreated and calcined to produce BHA powder scaled in microns. BHA was used to fabricate submicron BHA with milling treatment for 3, 6, and 9 h and was characterized by using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope connected with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry to obtain its particle size, calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio, functional chemical group, and XRD peaks and crystallinity. Results showed that the particle size of BHA had a wide distribution range, with peaks from ~5 to ~10 µm. Milling treatment for 3, 6, and 9 h successfully gradually reduced the particle size of BHA to a submicron scale. The milled BHA’s hydrodynamic size was significantly smaller compared to unmilled BHA. Milling treatment reduced the crystallinity of BHA. However, the treatment did not affect other characteristics; unmilled and milled BHA was shaped hexagonally, had carbonate and phosphate substitution groups, and the Ca/P ratio ranged from 1.48 to 1.68. In conclusion, the fabrication of submicron-scale BHA was successfully conducted using a high-energy dry ball milling method. The milling treatment did not affect the natural characteristics of BHA. Thus, the submicron-scale BHA may be potentially useful as a biomaterial for bone grafts.

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“…The amorphous content of Cu 36 Zr 48 Ag 8 Al 8 powder is 12 wt.%. A more detailed description of the materials can be found in the previously published work [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thin oxide layer with nanometer-size normally existing on Cu-Zr-based alloy surface [31,32] has such a strong effect that prevents further amorphization, despite the high input energy during the milling process. The effect of ethanol on the creation of the amorphous structure has been investigated in the previous study [30]. Using 1 cm 3 ethanol as a PCA, the "X-ray amorphous" fraction based on XRD increases up to 10 wt.% after 15 h milling.…”

Section: Microstructure Of the Al-based Composite Powder Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening of Nanocrystalline Al with Al3Zr Core-Shell Structure

Janovszky

2020

Metals

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High-density Al-based composites reinforced with ten-wt% recycled nanocrystalline CuZrAgAl particles have been fabricated by mechanical milling, cold- and hot-pressing. The microstructures, phase transformations, and mechanical properties of the mixed powder and sintered samples were investigated. After milling in a ball mill for 30 h, the microhardness of the mixed powder increases to 301 ± 31 HV0.01 and 222 ± 10 HV0.01 without and with ethanol milling, respectively. On account of the interdiffusion, the melting temperature of mixed powder reduces to 574 ± 5.0 °C and 627.5 ± 6.5 °C after 30 h milling. The study showed that the reinforcing particles are homogeneously distributed in the sintered nanocrystalline Al-based composites. During the hot-pressing, a shell zone forms at the interface of reinforcing particles during hot pressing after high energy milling with a minimum of ten hours milling time. This shell zone consists of Al3Zr (D023) phase. The coarsening resistant core-shell structure and grain refinement greatly improve mechanical properties. The compression strength at room temperature varies between 650 and 800 MPa at room temperature and is 380 MPa at 400 °C for the composite containing ten-wt% of the Cu-Zr-based amorphous-nanocrystalline phases. The Brinell hardness of the sintered composite is 329 HB.

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Influence of the Oxide and Ethanol Surface Layer on Phase Transformation of Al-Based Nanocomposite Powders under High-Energy Milling

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Morphology transformation of stainless steel 316L powder from spheres to flakes using high-energy ball milling and the investigation of transformation behaviour

Morphology transformation of stainless steel 316L powder from spheres to flakes using high-energy ball milling and the investigation of transformation behaviour

Fabrication and Characterization of Submicron-Scale Bovine Hydroxyapatite: A Top-Down Approach for a Natural Biomaterial

Strengthening of Nanocrystalline Al with Al3Zr Core-Shell Structure

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