Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a new and high-performance material made by embedding textile fibers into a matrix. Unlike traditional concrete, TRC doesn't contain coarse aggregate and has a higher proportion of cement paste. In this study, three different types of binders organic, inorganic geopolymer, and epoxy were examined for their impact on compressive and split tensile strengths. These binders were compared by testing mortar cubes (sized 70.6 mm) and cylinders (sized 75 × 150 mm) to see how they affect the properties of TRC. Various types of textile fabrics, including ARG, Basalt, and Hybrid, were experimented with to see how they influence compressive strength and failure modes. The study also examined how the thickness of the textile reinforcement (ranging from 5 to 15 mm) affects TRC performance. The results show that using a hybrid textile fabric with a cementitious binder leads to higher compressive strength. The experimental data underwent verification through the ANN method, where the neural network was trained akin to standard experimental research methodologies. With an impressive accuracy (R2 > 0.99), the ANN model successfully predicted mechanical properties, establishing its reliability in estimating responses and identifying parameters. Additionally, ANN techniques were instrumental in determining the optimal parameters for the study