Influence of the Potassium Chloride Concentration on the Physical Properties of Electrodeposited ZnO Nanowire Arrays

Abstract

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One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

“…This effect was attributed to Cl − ion adsorption on the cathode surface, with a preferential adsorption of the Cl − on the (0001) ZnO surface [125]. In addition, the KCl concentration could also affect the lattice parameters of the as-synthesized ZnO nanostructures, especially for KCl concentrations > 1 mol/L [126], and it was proposed that this was due to the inclusion of zinc interstitials in the lattice. The effect of counter anions (Cl − , SO 4 2-, and CH 3 COO − ) on the reduction of dissolved O2 in the solution has been systematically investigated [123].…”

“…The piezoelectric potential drops to ~0.3 V due to the screening of the Madelung constant [528] if a moderate carrier concentration of ~10 16 -10 17 cm -3 is taken into consideration [529]. The free carrier concentration in the nanowire is highly dependent on the synthesis and post-annealing conditions [126,530], and may vary from one nanowire to another even from the same synthesis batch [528]. The finite piezoelectric potential indicates that the free electrons cannot completely neutralize or screen the piezoelectric ionic charge, even though it is reduced in magnitude.…”

ZnO Nanowires, Nanotubes, and Complex Hierarchical Structures Obtained by Electrochemical Deposition

“…The same behavior was observed after annealing, but the values were two orders of magnitude lower. 7 For the second set of experiments, the donor density of the as-deposited nanowires increased from 7 9 10 18 cm À3 to 4 9 10 20 cm À3 , when [KCl] increased from 0.05 M to 4 M, respectively. 7 Annealing in air (1 h at 450°C) decreased the donor density to 10 17 cm À3 to 10 18 cm À3 , weakening the dependence on [KCl] (Fig.…”

Electro-chemical deposition of zinc oxide nanostructures by using two electrodes

“…8,9 In addition, a solution of potassium chloride (KCl) is often introduced as supporting electrolyte. 10 Indeed, apart from catalyzing the electrolytic reaction, the presence of KCl gives room for challenging the purity of the sample.…”