Influence of the preparation methods of titanium dioxide on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous dispersion

Sclafani, A.; Palmisano, Leonardo; Schiavello, M.

doi:10.1021/j100365a058

Cited by 428 publications

(200 citation statements)

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“…The suppression of the organic fraction, expressed as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal was 83%, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach [220][221][222][223]. High H 2 productivity was achieved, especially under acidic conditions (pH = 3).…”

Section: Waste Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Hydrogen Production by Photoreforming of Renewable Substrates

Rossetti

2012

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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This paper focuses on the application of photocatalysis to hydrogen production from organic substrates. This process, usually called photoreforming, makes use of semiconductors to promote redox reactions, namely, the oxidation of organic molecules and the reduction of H + to H 2 . This may be an interesting and fully sustainable way to produce this interesting fuel, provided that materials efficiency becomes sufficient and solar light can be effectively harvested. After a first introduction to the key features of the photoreforming process, the attention will be directed to the needs for materials development correlated to the existing knowledge on reaction mechanisms. Examples are then given on the photoreforming of alcohols, the most studied topic, especially in the case of methanol and carbohydrates. Finally, some examples of more complex but more interesting substrates, such as waste solutions, are proposed.

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Section: Waste Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Hydrogen Production by Photoreforming of Renewable Substrates

Rossetti

2012

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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“…The activity of the rutile phase as a photocatalyst is generally very poor. However, Sclafani et al [36]. concluded that the rutile phase can be active or inactive, depending on its preparation conditions.…”

Section: Chemical Structure Of Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photocatalytic degradation of phenol has been extensively studied because of its high toxicity and ubiquity [36,143]. Bui et al [144] completely mineralized two azo dyes, Reactive Red 4 (Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A) and Reactive Black 5 (Remazol Black B) to determine the potential of photocatalysis for the treatment of water using TiO 2 powder.…”

Section: Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

2011

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Climate change and the consumption of non-renewable resources are considered as the greatest problems facing humankind. Because of this, photocatalysis research has been rapidly expanding. TiO 2 nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic applications including the decomposition of organic compounds and production of H 2 as a fuel using solar energy. This article reviews the structure and electronic properties of TiO 2 , compares TiO 2 with other common semiconductors used for photocatalytic applications and clarifies the advantages of using TiO 2 nanoparticles. TiO 2 is considered close to an ideal semiconductor for photocatalysis but possesses certain limitations such as poor absorption of visible radiation and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs. In this review article, various methods used to enhance the photocatalytic characteristics of TiO 2 including dye sensitization, doping, coupling and capping are discussed. Environmental and energy applications of TiO 2 , including photocatalytic treatment of wastewater, pesticide degradation and water splitting to produce hydrogen have been summarized. Historical backgroundThe growth of industry worldwide has tremendously increased the generation and accumulation of waste byproducts. In general, the production of useful products has been focused on and the generation of waste byproducts has been largely ignored. This has caused severe environmental problems that have become a major concern. Researchers all over the world have been working on various approaches to address this issue. Photoinduced processes have been studied and various applications have been developed. One important technique for removing industrial waste is the use of light energy (electromagnetic radiation) and particles sensitive to this energy to mineralize waste which aids in its removal from solution. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is considered very close to an ideal semiconductor for photocatalysis because of its high stability, low cost and safety toward both humans and the environment.*Corresponding author (email: shipra.mital@gmail.com)In 1964, Kato et al.[1] published their work on the photocatalytic oxidation of tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) by a TiO 2 suspension, which was followed by McLintock et al. [2] investigating the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylene and propylene in the presence of oxygen adsorbed on TiO 2 . However, the most important discovery that extensively promoted the field of photocatalysis was the "Honda-Fujishima Effect" first described by Fujishima and Honda in 1972 [3]. This well-known chemical phenomenon involves electrolysis of water, which is related to photocatalysis. Photoirradiation of a TiO 2 (rutile) single crystal electrode immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution induced the evolution of oxygen from the TiO 2 electrode and the evolution of hydrogen from a platinum counterelectrode when an anodic bias was applied to the TiO 2 working electrode. In 1977, Frank and Bard [4] examined the reduction of ...

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“…10,11 It is well known that photocatalytic activity strongly depends on bulk and surface physicochemical properties of the TiO 2 powder, such as the kind of crystal structure, 12-15 surface area and particle size, [16][17][18][19][20] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of defective sites in titanium(IV) oxide photocatalyst powders

Ikeda

Sugiyama

Murakami

et al. 2003

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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______________________________________________________________________The molar amounts of defective sites (M d ) in several titanium(IV) oxide (TiO 2 ) powders were determined using photoinduced reaction of electron accumulation in deaerated aqueous solutions containing sacrificial hole scavengers and subsequent reduction of methylviologen to its cation radical. The measurements of pH dependence of typical anatase and rutile TiO 2 powders showed that these defective sites were of electronic energy just below the conduction band edge of TiO 2 in ranges of 0-0.35 V for anatase and 0-0.25 V for rutile. A linear relation of M d with the rate constant of electron-hole recombination determined by femtosecond pump-probe diffuse reflection spectroscopy revealed that M d could be a quantitative parameter of recombination between a 2 photoexcited electron and a positive hole. The tendency for M d to increase, but not proportionally, with increase in the specific surface area suggested that these defective sites are mainly located near the external surfaces of TiO 2 particles. A reciprocal correlation between photocatalytic activity for water oxidation in aqueous silver sulfate solution and M d revealed that the rate of recombination is one of the predominant physical properties governing the activities of TiO 2 powders in this reaction system. ______________________________________________________________________ IntroductionPolycrystalline titanium(IV) oxide (TiO 2 ) has been widely used as semiconductor photocatalysts in liquid-solid as well as in gas-liquid regimes 1-9 because of its sufficient photostability in various circumstances, nontoxicity for environments, and potent ability to induce various types of redox reactions. 10,11 It is well known that photocatalytic activity strongly depends on bulk and surface physicochemical properties of the TiO 2 powder, such as the kind of crystal structure, 12-15 surface area and particle size, [16][17][18][19][20] Experimental SectionMaterials. Several kinds of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) powders, those from commercial sources (Degussa P-25, Merck, Ishihara CR-EL, and Hombikat UV-100), reference catalysts supplied from the Catalysis Society of Japan (JRC-TIO-1, -2, -3, and -5), and powders synthesized by the HyCOM method 6,28,29 followed by a calcination at 1073 K under O 2 (designated as HyCOM (1073)), were used. In a separate experiment to quantify the amount of accumulated electrons by another chemical reaction, a deaerated aqueous solution containing colloidal platinum particles was added to the photoirradiated suspension under Ar instead of the addition of MV 2+ . After shaking the mixture for a few minutes, the gas phase was analyzed using a gas chromatograph (GC, Shimadzu, GC-8A, equipped with an MS-5A column (GL Sciences) and a TCD detector). Measurement of the amount of accumulated electrons in photoirradiated TiOPP-DR spectroscopy. Details of PP-DR spectroscopy were reported previously 40,41 and are briefly summarized as follows. The light source consisted of a mode-lo...

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Influence of the preparation methods of titanium dioxide on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous dispersion

Cited by 428 publications

References 1 publication

Hydrogen Production by Photoreforming of Renewable Substrates

Hydrogen Production by Photoreforming of Renewable Substrates

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

Quantitative analysis of defective sites in titanium(IV) oxide photocatalyst powders

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