Influence of the properties of granite and sandstone in the desalination process by electrokinetic technique

Feijoo, Jorge; Ottosen, Lisbeth M.; Pozo-António, J.S.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.006

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Consolidation represents the treatment applied in order to restore its mechanical properties, affected by weathering [86]. At the border between cleaning and consolidation, desalinization is often necessary; the removal of soluble salts is usually made by applying wet poultices consisting of clays or cellulosic mixtures [97,98], the alternative treatments proposed being represented by the application of ohmic technologies [99] and electrochemical methods [98], limewater (calcium hydroxide solution [100], crystallization modifiers (ferrocyanides, borax, etc. [101,102], or diammonium hydrogenphosphate [103].…”

Section: Consolidation and Protection Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

2020

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Vernacular buildings are usually constructed using materials at hand, including wood, natural stone and bricks (either clay or mud bricks). All those materials are exposed to a series of environmental factors, affecting their structure and integrity. The literature review was conducted using different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink) using as keywords the historical material, "heritage" and the terms regarding the desired effect, within the envisaged time period (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019). The assessment of the results was performed by manual inspection (reading the entire article) and the selection of the works to be inserted in the current review was made by evaluating the contribution to the field. This review summarizes different aspects related to the restoration and conservation of wooden and masonry elements of traditional buildings, including materials used for biocidal interventions, protection against abiotic factors, cleaning and consolidation agents. Finally, a critical discussion regarding the current limitations and future perspectives concludes the review work, envisaging the role of researchers specialized in materials science in the context of cultural heritage conservation.

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Section: Consolidation and Protection Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

2020

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“…The main solutions so far suggested to mitigate these adverse effects consist of the use of a buffer electrolyte and in the interposition of a poultice between the electrodes and the material to be treated. The poultice contains calcium carbonate in the anode, as stated in some studies [5-7, 10, 15], and kaolin in the cathode [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…According to previous studies [4][5][6][7]15], it was necessary to place between the stone samples and the electrodes a material able to retain the ions forced to migrate to the vicinity of In the anodic compartment, medium 1 (corresponding to the DA-S, Figure 1) was filled with a poultice made of cellulose housing a citric acid/sodium citrate buffer solution, pH 6 (here referred to as PA1). The efficacy of this buffer solution had been demonstrated in previous studies [5][6]. The weight cellulose/solution ratio employed was 1:7.6.…”

Section: Insert Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To solve this problem, various techniques have been developed to remove or reduce as far as possible the soluble salts present inside of the porous materials used in their construction. Among these techniques, the electrokinetic method stands out for the high efficiency in the extraction of soluble salts, both in the laboratory [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and in situ [9][10][11][12]. Using this methodology, salt reduction percentages close to 100% can be reached, even at a considerable depth into the material, as demonstrated in [5], where 6-cm thick granite samples were completely desalinated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Extreme changes in pH around the electrodes, due to water hydrolysis. These extreme pH values can lead to chemical alteration of the materials [1,[5][6][7][8][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the efficiency of electrochemical desalination of stones: a proton pump approach

et al. 2018

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Soluble salts are among the most harmful alteration agents affecting the building materials. In recent years, several researches have been devoted to counteract alterations induced by soluble salts using electrokinetic techniques. However, the applicability of these techniques for conservation purposes remains limited due to adverse side effects, such as the extreme pH values occurring near the electrodes, which can affect the stone to be treated. The decrease in efficiency of the treatment caused by the dominant transport of H+ and OH-groups is also an undesired effect. The reduced duration of these treatments due to the drying of the material in contact with the anode also limits their practical use. To overcome these problems, a new electrokinetic design that includes a so called proton pump is presented in this report. This design is based on placing two electrodes in the anodic compartment in order to modulate the net amount of H+ produced. The design was applied to desalinate sandstone samples contaminated with several soluble salts. The application of this new approach allowed us to establish an additional electroosmotic process at the anode, which was able to increase the duration of the treatment. Moreover, the new setup provided improved pH buffer ability due to the generation of OH-in the anodic compartment, which increased the effectiveness of the treatment by hindering the entrance of H+ in the porous structure. Response to Reviewers:Following the advice of the editor, the paper was reviewed by a native speaker of English, which has made several changes, including the title.

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Experimental Study of Different Electrokinetic Configurations for Desalination of a Brick Wall

et al. 2023

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Influence of the properties of granite and sandstone in the desalination process by electrokinetic technique

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

Enhancing the efficiency of electrochemical desalination of stones: a proton pump approach

Experimental Study of Different Electrokinetic Configurations for Desalination of a Brick Wall

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