The effective use of resource potential is a prerequisite for implementing all the functions of the territory and thus, can be considered fundamental for sustainable territorial development. Within the context of the current crisis in the economic sphere, regional affiliation generally occupies a special place in the structure of socio-economic development. Therefore, finding ways to ensure the effective use of resource potential is a crucial task, combining territorial specifics with the interests of the state. Modern approaches to the organization and management of the resource potential of the territory in the direction of its sustainable strategic development are analyzed. The authors substantiate the conditions and factors of formation of the resource potential of the region. On the basis of a detailed study of the problem, the mechanism developed by the authors to implement the strategy of effective use of resource potential at the regional level is presented. The proposed mechanism can be implemented in the socio-economic management of the territory focused on sustainable development.