Influence of the structure of water-in-fuel emulsion on diesel engine performance

Attia, Ali M.A.; Kulchitskiy, Alexey R.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.057

Cited by 162 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It was found that the surfactant mix resulting in a HLB of approximately 6.4 (80% Span 80 and 20% Tween 80) resulted in the most stable emulsion. It has been seen in studies elsewhere [27,30] that the use of mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80 leads to better results compared with the use of a single surfactant with equivalent value of HLB.…”

Section: Momentum Flux Measurement Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic characterization of Diesel and water emulsions using momentum flux

Emberson

Ihracska

Imran

et al. 2015

Fuel

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h i g h l i g h t sFuel injection momentum flux was measured using a force transducer. Diesel fuel and Diesel fuel and water emulsions containing 10% and 20% water examined. The mass flow, discharge coefficient, injection velocity and momentum efficiency were evaluated. Emulsion sprays had a lower discharge coefficient and higher injection velocity than the Diesel. The emulsified fuels had a larger momentum efficiency. Diesel and water emulsions have the potential to be used in compression ignition engines to control the emissions of NO x and PM. Very little is known about the influence emulsification will have on the fuel sprays formed during injection. This paper outlines the measurement of the momentum flux of injection sprays of Diesel fuel and Diesel fuel emulsions containing 10% and 20% water, with the goal of hydraulically characterizing the sprays and identifying the influence emulsification may have on them. The momentum flux, mass flow, instantaneous mass flow, discharge coefficient, injection velocity, momentum coefficient and momentum efficiency have been examined. The injections were carried out in a high pressure chamber filled with nitrogen. The measured momentum flux is observed to increase with increasing injection pressure in a linear form. Increasing the ambient density in the chamber resulted in a decrease in the measured momentum flux. The emulsified fuel sprays had a very similar momentum flux as the neat Diesel fuel sprays. The total mass of emulsified fuel injected was less than for neat Diesel at corresponding condition. The instantaneous mass flow rate was determined using a normalized form of the momentum flux measurement and the independently measured total mass injected. The emulsions tended to have a lower discharge coefficient and there is no evidence that the nozzle is cavitating at these conditions. The emulsified fuels have tended to have a higher injection velocity than the neat Diesel fuel sprays. The momentum efficiency is introduced, which uses the instantaneous mass measurement and the theoretical velocity of the spray. The emulsified fuels have a larger momentum efficiency, a result of their high injection velocity compared with the neat Diesel fuel.

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Section: Momentum Flux Measurement Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic characterization of Diesel and water emulsions using momentum flux

Emberson

Ihracska

Imran

et al. 2015

Fuel

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“…The mixing of water-fuels emulsions is considered as promising ways to realize improved fuel economics and usage of fuels. The technology of water fuel emulsion has been stated as the most universal and effective method that enable simultaneous reduction of the engine smoke level and nitrogen oxides (NO X ) without the necessity for engine modifications [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of stability, combustion characteristics and performance of water in diesel emulsion fuel

et al. 2016

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Abstract.A single cylinder diesel engine study of water in diesel emulsions was conducted to investigate the stability effect of emulsion fuel on three different fuel blends and the water emulsification effect on the engine performance. Emulsified fuels contained 2% of surfactant including Span 80 Tween 80 and tested 10 HLB number. The blends also varied of 5%, 10% and 15% of water in diesel ratios namely as BSW5, BSW10 and BSW15. The fuel blends performance was tested using a single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine, operating at 1860 rpm. The results on stability reveal that high shear homogenizer yields more stability on emulsion fuel than mechanical stirrer and ultrasonic water bath. The engine performance results show that the ignition delay and peak pressure increase with the increment of water percentage up to 15%. However, the results indicate the increment of water percentage is also shows a significant decrease in engine power.

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“…Biofuels as alternative fuel sources are promising especially in the transportation sector (Attia and Kulchitskiy, 2014). Various studies have focused on the use of biodiesel or vegetable derived fuels as alternative fuels, since they are more environmentally friendly and CO 2 conservative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Reductions of Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Using Microalgae Biodiesel, Butanol and Water in Diesel Engine

Mwangi

Lee

Tsai

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The transport sector is a major consumer of fossil fuels especially petroleum diesel, which is used to power diesel engines used on-road and off-road in trucks, tractors, passenger cars as well as marine vessels. This is because the diesel engine offers various benefits compared to the spark ignition engine. The advantages include superior fuel efficiency, higher thermal efficiency, greater power output, better fuel saving, lower carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission, larger torque and greater durability. Conversely, the diesel engine is a major source of both criteria and non-criteria air pollutants, which contribute to the deteriorating air quality thereby putting the health of mankind at risk. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of butanol-microalgae biodiesel-diesel blends in terms of energy performances and pollutants' emission reductions by comparing the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exhaust gases temperatures as well as the nitrogen oxides (NO x ), particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) of various diesel blends and against the baseline performance of regular petroleum diesel. All diesel blends showed higher BSFCs and BTEs compared to regular petroleum diesel, whereby BT20W0.5 had the highest BSFC and BT15B2 had the best performance in terms of BTE. Among the diesel blends, only 2% microalgae added to diesel blends increased the NO x emissions by about 2%, while for the addition of 10-20% butanol fractions and 0.5% water fractions resulted in lower NO x emissions by about 12-28%, when compared to petroleum diesel. All the diesel blends considered in this study showed PM reductions ranging between 22.4% for B2 and 60.4% for BT15W0.5%, while reductions of PAH emissions were ranging from 6.5% for B2 to 22.76% for BT20W0.5. On the other hand, only the use of 2% microalgae biodiesel showed reductions in CO emissions of about 0.34% and 1.01% for B2 and BT20B2 blends, respectively, while other diesel blends showed increased CO emissions of about 1.72-2.94% in comparison to CO emissions of diesel fuel emissions. The addition of higher butanol fractions of 20% increased the HC emission factors by approximately 18% and 70%, while the HC emission factors for biodiesel, 10-15% butanol fractions and 0.5% water additions lead to reductions in emission by about 8-50%. According to the results of this study, more research is recommended on the economic potential of using of oxygenated additives in diesel engine especially water addition, higher alcohols and dieselhols blends to evaluate the possibility of synergetic properties of these kinds of fuels to achieve simultaneous reductions in the emissions of NO x , PM, CO, HC, PAHs and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

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Influence of the structure of water-in-fuel emulsion on diesel engine performance

Cited by 162 publications

References 27 publications

Hydraulic characterization of Diesel and water emulsions using momentum flux

Hydraulic characterization of Diesel and water emulsions using momentum flux

The study of stability, combustion characteristics and performance of water in diesel emulsion fuel

Emission Reductions of Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Using Microalgae Biodiesel, Butanol and Water in Diesel Engine

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