Influence of the Sympathetic Nervous System on the Intra-Ocular Pressure and Vascular Circulation of the Eye

Greaves, D. P.; Perkins, E. S.

doi:10.1136/bjo.36.5.258

Cited by 87 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A dense innervation of the ciliary processes and a less dense innervation of the intrascleral vessels have been identified (Laties & Jacobwitz, 1964;Malmfors, 1965;Ehinger, 1966;Staflova, 1969). Adrenergic denervation by superior cervical ganglionectomy has been shown to induce vasodilatation and to decrease the outflow resistance (Langham & Taylor, 1960); electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve has been observed to increase the outflow in aqueous veins (Greaves & Perkins, 1952) but not to decrease significantly the total outflow resistance (Langham & Rosenthal, 1966).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pupillary, the intraocular pressure and the vasomotor responses to noradrenaline in rabbits.

Langham¹,

K²

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A study has been made of the cause of the temporal disparity between the pupillary and intraocular pressure responses to noradrenaline applied topically.2. Over a 5-day experimental period, the quantitative characteristics of the pupillary response to noradrenaline applied either once or several times daily remained essentially unchanged. In the same rabbits the delay in pressure response to noradrenaline on the first day was increased by a second application and, on subsequent days, multiple applications of noradrenaline induced a biphasic pressure response.3. Intravenous phenoxybenzamine inhibited both the pupillary and the biphasic pressure responses to noradrenaline. Phenoxybenzamine applied topically inhibited the ocular hypertensive but not the hypotensive and pupillary responses.4. Analysis of aqueous humour dynamics by manometric procedures showed that the hyper-and hypotensive responses were associated with increase and decrease, respectively, of the resistance to outflow of the aqueous humour.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pupillary, the intraocular pressure and the vasomotor responses to noradrenaline in rabbits.

Langham¹,

K²

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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“…This is consistent with the observation that intravenous NPY significantly reduces ciliary body blood flow (268). Thus, increased sympathetic innervation of the ciliary body vasculature produces a pronounced vasoconstriction, a consequent reduction in aqueous humor production, and a decrease in IOP (23, 135, 408). However, low frequency stimulation of the sympathetic nerves is reported to induce an increase in IOP in rabbits, possibly because NPY is not released at this lower stimulus frequency (103).…”

Section: Autonomic Control Of Intraocular Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Control of the Eye

McDougal

Gamlin

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

348

369

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The autonomic nervous system influences numerous ocular functions. It does this by way of parasympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia, and by way of sympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the superior cervical ganglion. Ciliary ganglion neurons project to the ciliary body and the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris to control ocular accommodation and pupil constriction, respectively. Superior cervical ganglion neurons project to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris to control pupil dilation. Ocular blood flow is controlled both via direct autonomic influences on the vasculature of the optic nerve, choroid, ciliary body, and iris, as well as via indirect influences on retinal blood flow. In mammals, this vasculature is innervated by vasodilatory fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion, and by vasoconstrictive fibers from the superior cervical ganglion. Intraocular pressure is regulated primarily through the balance of aqueous humor formation and outflow. Autonomic regulation of ciliary body blood vessels and the ciliary epithelium is an important determinant of aqueous humor formation; autonomic regulation of the trabecular meshwork and episcleral blood vessels is an important determinant of aqueous humor outflow. These tissues are all innervated by fibers from the pterygopalatine and superior cervical ganglia. In addition to these classical autonomic pathways, trigeminal sensory fibers exert local, intrinsic influences on many of these regions of the eye, as well as on some neurons within the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia.

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“…This was variously interpreted, but Colle et al [1931] gave evidence that the rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) was due to stimulation of extraocular muscles. Greaves and Perkins[ 1952] concluded that the biphasic response to cervical sympathetic stimulation was due to contraction of extraocular muscles followed by an increase in aqueous outflow. Other evidence [Poos, 1931] showed that sympathomimetic amines could also produce biphasic IOP responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenergic Drugs and Intraocular Pressure: the Hypertensive Effect of Epinephrine

Rowland¹,

Potter²

1980

Ophthalmic Res

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Topical application of some catecholamines to the eye can cause a transient ocular hypertensive response; a drug effect that has had various explanations. We tested the hypothesis that this effect is mediated by α-adrenoceptor stimulation and consequent contraction of extraocular muscles. We found that surgical section of three major extraocular muscles completely eliminated the initial ocular hypertensive effect and revealed an ocular hypotensive effect of topical epinephrine in rabbits. This agent is not known to cause contralateral pressure effects in normal eyes, however, in the surgically altered subjects the intact fellow eyes developed a late reduction in intraocular pressure, the significance of which remains obscure. Pupil dilatation was slightly greater in epinephrine-treated, surgically altered eyes than in normal eyes.

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Influence of the Sympathetic Nervous System on the Intra-Ocular Pressure and Vascular Circulation of the Eye

Cited by 87 publications

References 11 publications

The pupillary, the intraocular pressure and the vasomotor responses to noradrenaline in rabbits.

The pupillary, the intraocular pressure and the vasomotor responses to noradrenaline in rabbits.

Autonomic Control of the Eye

Adrenergic Drugs and Intraocular Pressure: the Hypertensive Effect of Epinephrine

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