Influence of the temperature in the yield and composition of the bio-oil from the pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds: Characterization by comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography

Quantitative analysis of aqueous phases of bio-oils resulting from pyrolysis of different biomasses by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography

“…The potential of the utilization of these biomasses to obtain biooils, has been already studied in the literature. Many reports have shown the characterization of the organic phase of similar bio-oils, especially using GC×GC [3,5,8,24], identifying high-value compounds in the samples. In this line, LC×LC can be a good choice that can be considered complementary to GC×GC to obtain a comprehensive characterization of these bio-oils, focused on the aqueous phases.…”

“…As the use and application of a bio-oil will strongly depend on its particular chemical composition, which in turn depends on the composition of the initial biomass, the chemical characterization of bio-oils is an essential step. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and, most notably, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), have been widely used as analytical tools to characterize the organic phase of different bio-oils [3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, the analysis of the aqueous phase using GC-based techniques is more challenging since a previous extraction step (usually performed with dichloromethane), is necessary due to the unsuitability of water samples in GC.…”

Comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography‐based quali‐quantitative screening of aqueous phases from pyrolysis bio‐oils

“…Lastly, aqueous phases from coffee silverskin and pineapple leaves showed different chemical class distribution profile; the first one is characterized for a high amount of nitrogen compounds, due to caffeine concentration that represents 53% of the total quantified compounds. Caffeine is present in coffee silverskin raw biomass and possibly does not suffer a great extent degradation during pyrolysis [33]. In the other hand, aqueous phase from pineapple leaves showed the highest concentration of alcohol compounds (2.03 mg/L).…”

“…All the biomasses studied in the present research exhibit potential for the bio-oil production via pyrolysis as described in studies of almond of mango seed [32], crambe seed [25,26], spent coffee grounds [33], cassava peel [34], coconut fiber [35,36], coffee silverskin [28], and sugarcane bagasse [35,14]. However, these previous studies were exclusively focused on the screening of bio-oil composition (organic phase) by GC techniques.…”

Advanced mono‐ and multi‐dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques for oxygen‐containing compound characterization in biomass and biofuel samples

“…The authors claimed that comprehensive 2D‐GC‐MS could allow enhanced diagnostics for process performances or risk management in the current contest of the new gas and bioenergy industry [65]. In the past 5 years, GC×GC‐MS methodology has been widely employed for the characterization FAMEs, phenols and ketones and other oxygenated compounds in bio‐oil from the pyrolysis of different biomass feedstock, such as coffee waste, [66,67], coconut fibers [68], rice straw [69,70], tropical seeds [71], residue of vegetable oil [72], as well as in the characterization of creosote from wood coal tars [73], and the hydrogenation products of bio‐crude obtained from hydrothermally liquefied algal biomass [74].…”