Influence of thermal annealing on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co/AlOx trilayers

Rodmacq, B.; Manchon, Aurélien; Ducruet, C.; Auffret, S.; Diény, B.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.024423

Cited by 146 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Both can be understood as mainly caused by the O adsorption induced decrease of the effective magnetic layer thickness of Co, which is different from the reported oxygen effect on PMA of Co(Fe) in Co(Fe)/MOx heterostructures [6,7,18]. Further deposition of an Mg dusting layer on top of the oxygen pre-exposed Pt/Co surface recovers the PMA, while direct dusting of Mg on clean Pt/Co surface reduces the PMA.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…In fact, it has been reported earlier that the oxygen exposure of transition FMs can cause the partial or complete quenching of magnetism due to either the chemisorption of oxygen or the formation of oxides or both [33,34]. The aforementioned dependence of PMA on O dose and decrease of effective tCo upon O exposure are apparently different from the situation in Pt/Co/AlOx heterostructures [6,7], where a maximum PMA is usually obtained upon oxidation under optimal conditions. This naturally leads to the question about the role of M-O bond in promoting the PMA.…”

Section: B Oxygen Exposure and Mg Dusting Effect On Magnetic Anisotropymentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In reality, it is very likely that the sample consists of a mixture of PMA, "easy cone" and IMA states due to subtle thickness variation over a relatively large size sample. To account for the thickness effect, we assumed that the sample consists of areas with different Co thickness and the partial area of the film at thickness tCo follows a normal distribution [6,7]. On the other hand, for the tCo = 1.2 -1.6 nm samples, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Co Thickness Dependence Of Magnetic Anisotropy Revealed Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the role of Co-O-Mg bond in magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co/MgO using atomically controlled deposition and in situ electrical measurement

Yang

Yuan

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. B

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Despite the crucial role of interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co(Fe)/MgO based magnetic tunnel junction, the underlying mechanism is still being debated. Here, we report an anatomical study of oxygen and Mg effect on Pt/Co bilayers through repeated in-situ anomalous Hall effect measurements, controlled oxygen exposure and Mg deposition in an ultrahigh vacuum system. We found that chemisorbed oxygen not only quenches the effective magnetic moment of the Co surface layer, but also softens its magnetic anisotropy. However, a subsequent Mg dusting on the oxygen pre-exposed Pt/Co surface can recover the magnetic anisotropy. The ab initio calculations on the exchange splitting and

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: B Oxygen Exposure and Mg Dusting Effect On Magnetic Anisotropymentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: A Co Thickness Dependence Of Magnetic Anisotropy Revealed Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the role of Co-O-Mg bond in magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co/MgO using atomically controlled deposition and in situ electrical measurement

Yang

Yuan

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Experiments were performed on a 0.6 nm thick Co film sandwiched between 3 nm Pt and 1.6 nm Al layers deposited by sputtering on a thermally oxidized Si wafer. The top Al layer was exposed to an oxygen radio-frequency plasma resulting in a fully oxidized AlO x interface at the Co boundary [86,87]. SIA results from the presence of AlO x and Pt on either side of the Co layer, where Pt/Co hybridization enhances atomic SO coupling and both interfaces create a strong out-of-plane electron potential gradient.…”

Section: (D) Spin-orbit Torques In Ultrathin Metal Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Gambardella

Miron

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

352

315

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The ability to reverse the magnetization of nanomagnets by current injection has attracted increased attention ever since the spin-transfer torque mechanism was predicted in 1996. In this paper, we review the basic theoretical and experimental arguments supporting a novel current-induced spin torque mechanism taking place in ferromagnetic (FM) materials. This effect, hereafter named spin-orbit (SO) torque, is produced by the flow of an electric current in a crystalline structure lacking inversion symmetry, which transfers orbital angular momentum from the lattice to the spin system owing to the combined action of SO and exchange coupling. SO torques are found to be prominent in both FM metal and semiconducting systems, allowing for great flexibility in adjusting their orientation and magnitude by proper material engineering. Further directions of research in this field are briefly outlined.

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“…The strong perpendicular anisotropy results from the 3d -5d hybridization at the Pt/Co interface and the 3d -2p hybridization at the Co/AlO x interface 10 . The asymmetry of the top and bottom materials introduces a spin-orbit field for 3d electrons confined in the thin Co layer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-orbit field switching of magnetization in ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy

Wang

2012

Applied Physics Letters

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As an alternative to conventional magnetic field, the effective spin-orbit field in transition metals, derived from the Rashba field experienced by itinerant electrons confined in a spatial inversion asymmetric plane through the s-d exchange interaction, is proposed for the manipulation of magnetization. Magnetization switching in ferromagnetic thin films with perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy can be achieved by current induced spin-orbit field, with small in-plane applied magnetic field. Spin-orbit field induced by current pulses as short as 10 ps can initiate ultrafast magnetization switching effectively, with experimentally achievable current densities. The whole switching process completes in about 100 ps.Ultrafast manipulation of magnetization is currently under intense investigation, partly driven by the ever increasing demand in information industry, partly inspired by the intriguing physics involved. Traditional methods use pulsed magnetic field to realize ultrafast switching of magnetization, through the spiral motion of magnetization in a magnetic field, applied in the inverse direction of the magnetization. However, due to domain wall instability 1 , ultrashort field pulses bring about stochastic behavior, thus imposing limitations on the ultimate switching speed 2 . In practice, the limitation on this switching scheme is related to the difficulty in the generation of picosecond, strong magnetic field pulses, which entails the use of relativistic electron bunches nowadays. Precessional switching scheme, in which the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the initial magnetization direction, circumvents this problem by maximizing the precession torque experienced by the magnetization 3 . The deficit of precessional switching is manifested by the needed precise control of the pulse duration, on the time scale of the magnetization's precession period. Instead of the conventional magnetic field, alternative means, such as light 4 , electric field 5 and electric current 6 , can be used to manipulate magnetization. Recently, the effective spin-orbit field acting on the magnetization attracts much attention because of its potential applications. This spin-orbit field in transition metals results from the Rashba field 7 experienced by itinerant electrons confined in a spatial inversion asymmetric potential through the s-d exchange interaction 8 . Reversible switching of magnetization in perpendicularly magnetized Co nanodots was already demonstrated 9 , making the speculation of employing the spin-orbit field to control magnetization in ferromagnetic metals more than mere imagination, although the underlying mechanism responsible for the observed switching is still elusive. It is proposed, as will be shown in the following by macrospin simulation, that the pure spin-orbit field, in combination a) Electronic mail: dwwang@nudt.edu.cn with the precessional motion induced by it, can explain qualitatively the observed experimental results . In addition, the feasibility of precessional switching utili...

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Influence of thermal annealing on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co/AlOx trilayers

Cited by 146 publications

References 39 publications

Unveiling the role of Co-O-Mg bond in magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co/MgO using atomically controlled deposition and in situ electrical measurement

Unveiling the role of Co-O-Mg bond in magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co/MgO using atomically controlled deposition and in situ electrical measurement

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Spin-orbit field switching of magnetization in ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy

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