Influence of thermal state of the end area of multiple continuous-cast billet on cracking of the ends of hot-rolled breakdown at rolling

Abstract

The authors have made an analysis of problems arising in the rolling of continuous-cast billets in the modern mini-metallurgical and rerolling plants. It is shown that the use of trio stands in rolling mills of these plants makes it necessary to obtain billets of multiple lengths from bars (most often of 12-meter length) produced in the rolling shop. The subsequent rolling of such multiple billets has revealed increased cracking of the front edge and, as a result, increased metal consumption. Analysis of the causes of these cracks has been made. It was indicated that this defect can appear as a result of a certain stress-strain state formed at the end of hot-rolled breakdown. It is caused by the presence of an uneven temperature field due to more intensive end cooling, to reduction mode in the trio stand and to the presence of axial defects in the continuous-cast billet. The study was conducted on the industrial medium-grade mill 500/370, as well as using mathematical modeling by finite element method. The influence of a set of technological factors, such as temperature of the billets heating before rolling, the time interval of their transportation on the site “heating furnace – first stand of the rolling mill” and parameters of the macrostructure of axial area of the metal were investigated. Calculations by the developed mathematical model have indicated the need to take into account the presence of a scale layer on the heated continuous-cast billet. It is shown that depending on the heating temperature and transport time, the temperature difference at the billet’s end compared to the heating temperature can be from 45 to 100 °C. It will lead to an uneven distribution of deformation resistance and unfavorable stress-strain state at the billet’s end. In addition, the presence of an axial defect can affect the cracking because of its shape and its transformation during reduction. Obtained experimental data allowed hypothesizing the mechanism of transformation of discontinuity defects into cracks at the billet’s end due to the conditions of continuous casting and cutting of billets during rolling in the reduction stand.

The study of central cracking mechanism and criterion in cross wedge rolling

“…Tselikov et al [23] concluded that the accumulated tensile stress in the central region of the workpiece during the rolling was key. However, by analysing the stress state in rotary compression, Smirnov and Lunvev [24,25] suggested that the secondary tensile stress generated by the normal compression was the main cause. From experimental observation, Guzavichus et al [26] found that the strong velocity gradient between workpiece flanges and steps led to strong torsional forces which increased during rotation, generating strong shear stress and causing the final fracture.…”