Influence of thermal treatment on the properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics under various conditions

Ma, Chuan; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Daniel; Kamo, Tohru

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109199

Cited by 54 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The degradation in tensile strength was correlated to the pyrolysis process as well as the subsequent char oxidation process [ 32 ]. The reduced tensile strength with increased pyrolysis temperature, as similarly reported by López et al [ 25 ] and Ma et al [ 33 ], was possibly correlated to the char residue presented at the surface of recovered fibres. As shown in Table 2 , the char content reduced with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Recovery of Carbon Fibre from Waste Prepreg via Microwave Pyrolysis

Hao

Liu

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Management of waste from carbon fibre composites has become a significant societal issue as the application of composite grows across many industries. In this study, carbon fibres (CF) were successfully recovered from cured carbon fibre/epoxy (CF/EP) prepreg under microwave pyrolysis at 450, 550 and 650 °C followed by oxidation of any residual char. The recovered fibres were investigated for their tensile properties, surface morphologies and the elements/functional groups presented on the surface. The chemical compositions of gaseous and oil pyrolysis products were also analysed. The microwave pyrolysis effectively pyrolyzed the epoxy (EP) resin. Char residue remained on the fibre surface and the amount of char reduced as the pyrolysis temperature increased. Compared to virgin fibres, the recovered fibre suffered from a strength reduction by less than 20%, and this reduction could be mitigated by reducing the pyrolysis temperature. The surface of recovered fibre remained clean and smooth, while the profile of elements and functional groups at the surface were similar to those of virgin fibres. The main gaseous products were CO, H2, CO2 and CH4, whilst the liquid product stream included phenolic and aromatic compounds.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Recovery of Carbon Fibre from Waste Prepreg via Microwave Pyrolysis

Hao

Liu

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…In a typical thermal recycling process, CF cannot be oxidised at temperatures <600 • C [16]. However, they become sensitive at higher temperatures >600 • C in the presence of air, making it easy to eliminate the resin phase from the reinforced-fibres rapidly, in a short period [17]. In GF recycling, temperatures >650 • C result in a massive drop in the mechanical properties of the rFs [18].…”

Section: Thermal Recycling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study to Investigate the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Carbon Fibre/Glass Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using a Novel Thermal Recycling Process

Gopalraj

Kärki

2020

Processes

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Manufacturing-based carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wastes (pre-consumer waste) were recycled to recover valuable carbon fibres (CFs) and glass fibres (GFs), utilising a novel thermal recycling process with a cone calorimeter setup. The ideal conditions to recycle both the fibres occurred at 550 °C in atmospheric pressure. The processing time in the batch reactor to recycle CFs was 20–25 min, and to recycle GFs it was 25–30 min. The recovery rate of the recycled CFs was 95–98 wt%, and for GFs it was 80–82 wt%. Both the recycled fibres possessed a 100–110 mm average length. The resin phase elimination was verified by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the fibres were manually realigned, compression moulded at room temperature, and cured for 24 h by a laminating epoxy resin system. The newly manufactured CFRP and GFRP composites were continuous (uniform length from end to end), unidirectionally oriented (0°), and non-woven. The composites were produced in two fibre volumes: 40 wt% and 60 wt%. The addition of ≈20 wt% recycled CFs increased the tensile strength (TS) by 12%, young modulus (YM) by 34.27% and impact strength (IS) by 7.26%. The addition of ≈20 wt% recycled GFs increased the TS by 75.14%, YM by 12.23% and the IS by 116.16%. The closed-loop recycling approach demonstrated in this study can effectively recycle both CFRP and GFRP manufacturing wastes. Preserving the structural integrity of the recycled fibres could be an advantage, enabling recycling for a specified number of times.

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“…Regarding the use of recycled carbon fiber (rCF), some of the problems that may arise as a result of the different recycling processes may include loss of strength [ 20 , 36 , 37 ], fiber damage [ 38 , 39 ], variation in fiber length [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], changes in fiber diameter [ 38 , 44 ], char deposition [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], and contamination on fibers [ 47 , 48 , 49 ]. From an environmental point of view, some recycling methods present significant problems of gas emissions [ 50 ] or the use of potentially hazardous solvents [ 42 , 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

et al. 2021

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The rapid increase in the application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials represents a challenge to waste recycling. The circular economy approach coupled with the possibility of recovering carbon fibers from CFRP waste with similar properties to virgin carbon fibers at a much lower cost and with lower energy consumption motivate the study of CFRP recycling. Mechanical recycling methods allow the obtention of chopped composite materials, while both thermal and chemical recycling methods aim towards recovering carbon fibers. This review examines the three main recycling methods, their processes, and particularities, as well as the reuse of recycled carbon fibers in the manufacture of new composite materials.

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Influence of thermal treatment on the properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics under various conditions

Cited by 54 publications

References 26 publications

Recovery of Carbon Fibre from Waste Prepreg via Microwave Pyrolysis

Recovery of Carbon Fibre from Waste Prepreg via Microwave Pyrolysis

A Study to Investigate the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Carbon Fibre/Glass Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using a Novel Thermal Recycling Process

Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

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