Influence of Ti, C and N concentration on the intergranular corrosion behaviour of AISI 316Ti and 321 stainless steels

Pardo, Á.; Merino, M.C.; Coy, A.E.; Viejo, F.; Carboneras, M.; Arrabal, R.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.021

Cited by 192 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…16 The role these inclusions play in localized corrosion is an unintentional consequence of the presence of Ti in the alloy, which is intentionally added to ferritic SS to inhibit CrC precipitation and decrease IGC. 3 This work shows that they are effective at inhibiting sensitization as the grain boundaries are free of the micron-sized inclusions reported here and instead are distributed amongst large grain faces. Undesirable CrC precipitates were not observed within the microstructure of the studied SS.…”

Section: Microstructure Characterization Of Ss 444mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This allows for the formation of protective Cr oxides, ultimately increasing the material's resistance to IGC. [3][4][5] Despite the successful reduction of IGC in alloyed ferritic SS, its mechanical strength can still be greatly reduced by pitting corrosion, usually associated with some discontinuity over the metal surface, such as a grain boundary, a defect/scratch, or an inclusion within the metal's microstructure. 6 Among the typical corrosion initiators, manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusions in austenitic SSs have been identified as pitting corrosion initiation sites and have been extensively investigated using macro-scale [7][8][9][10] and micro-scale 11,12 techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of titanium in the initiation of localized corrosion of stainless steel 444

et al. 2018

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Titanium has been added to ferritic stainless steels to combat the detrimental effects of intergranular corrosion. While this has proven to be a successful strategy, we have found that the resulting Ti-rich inclusions present on the surface play a significant role in the initiation of other forms of localized corrosion. Herein, we report the effect of these inclusions on the localized corrosion of a stainless steel using macro and micro electrochemical techniques. Through the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy, we observe the microgalvanic couple formed between the conductive inclusions and passivated metal matrix. The difference in local reactivity across the material's surface was quantified using a 3D finite element model specifically built to respect the geometry of the corrosion-initiating features. Combined with electron microscopy and micro elemental analysis, localization of other alloying elements has been reported to provide new insight on their significance in localized corrosion resistance.

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Section: Microstructure Characterization Of Ss 444mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of titanium in the initiation of localized corrosion of stainless steel 444

et al. 2018

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“…According to the conventional intergranular corrosion mechanism, Cr depletion and consequent intergranular corrosion are induced by the formation of Cr-carbide along grain boundaries [22][23][24] . Intergranular corrosion in the stabilized stainless steels is also induced by Cr depletion, due to the segregation of solute Cr atoms near grain boundary carbides such as TiC, (Ti, Nb)C, or NbC, but not due to the formation of Cr-carbide [25][26][27][28] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergranular Corrosion Mechanism of Slightly-sensitized and UNSM-treated 316L Stainless Steel

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Pyoun³

et al. 2016

Corrosion Science and Technology

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316L stainless steels have been widely used in many engineering fields, because of their high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. However, welding or aging treatment may induce intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking etc. Since these types of corrosion are closely related to the formation of chromium carbide in grain boundaries, the alloys are controlled by methods such as the lowering of carbon content, solution heat treatment. This work focused on the intergranular corrosion mechanism of slightly-sensitized and Ultrasonic Nano-crystal Surface Modification (UNSM)-treated 316L stainless steel.Samples were sensitized for 1, 5, and 48 hours at 650 ℃ in N 2 gas atmosphere. Subsequently UNSM treatments were carried out on the surface of the samples. The results were discussed on the basis of the sensitization by chromium carbide and carbon segregation, the residual stress and grain refinement. Even though chromium carbide was not precipitated, the intergranular corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel was drastically increased with aging time, and it was confirmed that the increased intergranular corrosion rate of slightly-sensitized (not carbide formed) 316L stainless steel was due to the carbon segregation along the grain boundaries. However, UNSM treatment improved the intergranular corrosion resistance of aged stainless steels, and its improvement was due to the reduction of carbon segregation and the grain refinement of the outer surface, including the introduction of compressive residual stress.

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“…On the other hand, the exact nanometer-scale lateral chemical composition of any ultrathin passive film has not been resolved so far. Amorphous steels show a low threshold (31) to develop a protective film of 4-5% of Cr compared to 12-13% of Cr in crystalline stainless steel alloys (32). The origin of this lower threshold remains disputed and was variously attributed to either the amorphous substrate facilitating an entirely amorphous passive film structure, or to a more homogeneous Cr distribution.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element-Resolved Corrosion Analysis of Stainless-Type Glass-Forming Steels

Duarte

Klemm

et al. 2013

Science

153

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Abstract:Ultrathin passive films effectively prevent the chemical attack of stainless steel grades in corrosive environments; their stability critically depends on the interplay between structure and chemistry of the constituents Fe-Cr-Mo. In particular, nanoscale inhomogeneities along the surface can have a tremendous impact on material failure, but are yet barely understood. Addressing a stainless-type glass-forming Fe 50 Cr 15 Mo 14 C 15 B 6 alloy and utilizing a combination of complementary high-resolution analytical techniques, we relate near-atomistic insight into different gradual nanostructures with time-and element-resolved dissolution behavior. The progressive elemental segregation on the nanoscale is followed in its influence on the concomitant degree of passivity. A detrimental transition from Cr-controlled passivity to Mo-controlled breakdown is dissected atom-by-atom demonstrating the importance of nanoscale knowledge for understanding corrosion.

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Influence of Ti, C and N concentration on the intergranular corrosion behaviour of AISI 316Ti and 321 stainless steels

Cited by 192 publications

References 31 publications

The role of titanium in the initiation of localized corrosion of stainless steel 444

The role of titanium in the initiation of localized corrosion of stainless steel 444

Intergranular Corrosion Mechanism of Slightly-sensitized and UNSM-treated 316L Stainless Steel

Element-Resolved Corrosion Analysis of Stainless-Type Glass-Forming Steels

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