Influence of Titanium Dioxide Pigments on the Photodegradation of Paraloid Acrylic Resin

Thermal analysis of the interaction of inorganic pigments with p(nBA/MMA) acrylic emulsion before and after UV ageing

“…For this purpose, two crystallographic different kinds of TiO 2 , anatase and anatase/rutile mixtures, were used in different concentration. The results obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography, and solubility measurements demonstrated that the presence of anatase pigment significantly improved the photo-stability of Paraloid B72 films [4]. In contrast, it has also been reported that anatase can form radicals and may degrade the polymers due to its high reactivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation [6].…”

“…The S 3 -radical anions are mainly responsible for the blue colour of the pigment. It was demonstrated by using Raman spectroscopy that a higher amount of S 3 -chromophore with small amount of S 2 --responsible for the yellow colour [11] was present in the blue ultramarine than in the violet ultramarine, which contained an higher amount of the red chromophores (S 4 or S 3 Cl) [12]. Furthermore, Del Federico et al [126] investigated the fading of the blue ultramarine pigments in simulated fresco environments, which corresponded mainly to the decrease of the major S 3 -chromophores.…”

“…The main commercially available white pigments are titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulphide (ZnS), and lithopone (a mixture of ZnS and BaSO 4 ). TiO 2 due to its whiteness and brightness because of its high refractive index and its relatively low and uniform absorption of visible light, is the most commonly used white pigment [2,3] and it is also the main studied pigment [4,5]. Spathis et al [4] studied the photo-degradation of a series of Paraloid B72 films containing titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) pigments.…”

“…TiO 2 due to its whiteness and brightness because of its high refractive index and its relatively low and uniform absorption of visible light, is the most commonly used white pigment [2,3] and it is also the main studied pigment [4,5]. Spathis et al [4] studied the photo-degradation of a series of Paraloid B72 films containing titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) pigments. For this purpose, two crystallographic different kinds of TiO 2 , anatase and anatase/rutile mixtures, were used in different concentration.…”

Investigating the effect of artists’ paint formulation on degradation rates of TiO2-based oil paints

“…metal stearates or drying agents) and the binder (in this study linseed oil) [26]. Most earlier investigations have focused on pure titanium whitebinder mixtures to elucidate degradation phenomenology [1,2,23,25,27]. However, for the investigation of degradation rates, this constitutes an oversimplified formulation.…”