Influence of tool geometries and process variables on friction stir butt welding of Al–4.5%Cu/TiC in situ metal matrix composites

Kumar, Anand; Mahapatra, Manas Mohan; Jha, Pradeep Kumar; Mandal, Nirupama; Devuri, Venkateswarlu

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.063

Cited by 51 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Firstly, it is well accepted that the highest hardness value occurs in the centre of the NZ followed by a gradual decrease across the TMAZ and HAZ until reaching the hardness value of the BM as shown in Figure 14 [30,32,34,37,42,[45][46][47][48]. This is attributed to more grain refinement in the NZ due to dynamic recrystallization and more uniform distribution of finer reinforcement particles in the weld zone due to FSW action.…”

Section: Microhardness Of Amc Jointsmentioning

confidence: 91%

A review of friction stir welding of aluminium matrix composites

et al. 2015

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As a solid state joining process, friction stir welding (FSW) has proven to be a promising approach for joining aluminium matrix composites (AMCs). However, challenges still remain in using FSW to join AMCs even with considerable progress having been made in recent years. This review paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of FSW of AMC materials. Specific attention and critical assessment have been given to: (a) the macrostructure and microstructure of AMC joints, (b) the evaluation of mechanical properties of joints, and (c) the wear of FSW tools due to the presence of reinforcement materials in aluminium matrices. This review concludes with recommendations for future research directions.

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Section: Microhardness Of Amc Jointsmentioning

confidence: 91%

A review of friction stir welding of aluminium matrix composites

et al. 2015

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“…One type of graph shows highest value of hardness in the stirred zone and its goes on decreasing along TMAZ and HAZ, and shows minimum value in the base material region as shown in Fig. 5 [24,26,27,31,[33][34][35]. Refinement of grain caused by dynamic recrystallization and proper distribution of particles due to the severe stirring action of FSW tool, results in higher hardness at the stirred zone.…”

Section: Micro Hardness Of Jointsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Few studies [20,35,40] showed that the effect of traverse speed on the joint efficiency is not much significant as that of other process variables such as rotation speed, axial force and tool geometry. They found marginally inverse relation of traverse speed with UTS of joint.…”

Section: Effect Of Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kumar et al [35] studied the effect of shoulder surface (2 mm flat, 1 mm flat and fully flat surface) with 7 o concave angle on the tensile properties and suggested shoulder with 2mm flat surface gives higher tensile strength. Higher contact surface between tool and work piece induces higher heat, results in proper mixing of softened material in the nugget zone.…”

Section: Effect Of Tool Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

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Friction stir welding of Aluminium matrix composites – A Review

et al. 2018

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is established as one of the prominent welding techniques to join aluminium matrix composites (AMCs). It is a solid state welding process, takes place well below the melting temperature of the material, eliminates the detrimental effects of conventional fusion welding process. Although the process is capable to join AMCs, challenges are still open that need to be fulfill to widen its applications. This paper gives the outline of the friction stir welding technique used to join AMCs. Effect of process variables on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints, behavior of reinforcing materials during welding, effect of tool profiles on the joint strength are discussed in detail. Few improvements and direction for future research are also proposed.

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“…Also, there are lots of other difficulties are consorted to this type of joining methods, in particular these are associated with presence of persistent oxide layer, solidification shrinkage, thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity and high solubility of hydrogen and other gases in the weld pool [8][9][10]. In addition, the conventional methods often caused to deteriorate the joint strength due to the occurrence of softening effect and significant phase transformations in the weldment [11][12][13][14]. With the considerations of all these aspects, lead the aluminum alloys especially the 2024 alloys usage continuously increasing demand in aeronautics applications for the reliable mechanical strength of the joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Influence of Friction Stir processing on Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Weld Zone

al.¹

2018

IJMPERD

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Gas tungsten arc welding is the most commonly used process for joining of AA 2024 alloys, which are highly demanded in aircraft structural applications. The quality of the welds and strength of the welded joints achieved using this process, the weld fusion zone of this alloys usually exhibit the columnar grains, which are coarser than the substrate, due to the persisting thermal conditions when the fusion zone starts to solidify. This kind thermal attribution often causes to degrade the strength of the weld metal and lead to impair its resistance to sustain the hot cracking issues. In addition, there are some unavoidable micro structural defects formations such as porosity and micro cracks in the fusion zone. The formation of these defects at the top of the fusion zone will result in the reduction of weld strength about to half of the base metal strength. The present study will focus on the improvement of micro structural and mechanical properties of the gas tungsten arc welded 2024 aluminium alloys using a novel approach of friction stir processing procedures. In order to overcome these issues, the top surfaces of the gas tungsten arc welds are processed using friction stir processing up to certain depth from the top of the welds. The weld metal micro structural characterization studies revealed that the friction stir processing was controlled or decreased the amount of porosities and micro cracks formation. In addition, it destroyed the coarse grains dendritic structure in the weld zone and helped to dissolves the precipitates of secondary particles, which exists along the grain boundaries. The changes in the weld microstructures and grain refinement significantly improved the hardness of the friction stir processed welds over the base metal and gas tungsten arc welds. The mechanical properties also significantly changed along with the quality of the weldments. In addition, the formation of very fine precipitates is observed in stir zone due to the effect of intense plastic deformation and temperatures during friction stir processing.

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Influence of tool geometries and process variables on friction stir butt welding of Al–4.5%Cu/TiC in situ metal matrix composites

Cited by 51 publications

References 22 publications

A review of friction stir welding of aluminium matrix composites

A review of friction stir welding of aluminium matrix composites

Friction stir welding of Aluminium matrix composites – A Review

Analysis of the Influence of Friction Stir processing on Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Weld Zone

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