Influence of Toothbrush Abrasion and Surface Treatments on Roughness and Gloss of Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramics

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the surface roughness and gloss of polymer-infiltrated ceramics after simulated in vitro toothbrushing in different storage mediums. Four polymer- infiltrated ceramics were evaluated, Lava ultimate (LU), Vita enamic (EN), Shofu (SH), and Crystal ultra (CU). The control group was a feldspathic ceramic, Vita Mark II (VM). One hundred and twenty specimens (12 × 14 × 2.5 mm) were prepared using a precision saw. For each material (n = 24), the specimens were allocated into two groups, polished and stained. The specimens of each group were stored (for 7 days) in either citric acid (0.2N) or distilled water. Data for surface gloss (ΔE*SCE-SCI) and roughness (Ra) were evaluated before (baseline) and after simulated toothbrushing. For toothbrushing simulation, a toothpaste slurry containing a toothpaste of 100 relative dentin abrasion (RDA) and 0.3 ml distilled water was used for 3650 cycles (7300 strokes) for each specimen. Data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. A p-value of ≤ to 0.05 was considered significant. The highest mean value of surface gloss was identified in CU (stained—water) (4.3 (0.47)) (ΔE*) and EN (stained—acid) (4.3 (1.00)) (ΔE*) specimens, whereas the lowest mean value was shown by SH (stained—acid) (2.04 (0.42)) (ΔE*) samples. The highest mean value of surface roughness was observed in SH (0.40 (0.99)) Ra (stained—acid) whereas the lowest in VM (0.13 (0.039)) Ra (polished— water). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in surface roughness and gloss between the materials with simulated toothbrushing, except in VM and LU, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that simulated toothbrushing impacts on surface roughness and gloss, irrespective of the storage medium.

Experimental Investigation on Roughness Parameters of 42CrMo4 Steel Surface During Nitrocarburizing Treatment

“…Surface roughness evaluation is required for describing functional behavior and monitoring product quality [2]. Furthermore, it is a crucial characteristic in many fundamental industrial concerns, such as friction [3], adhesion [4], electrochemical potential [5][6], aesthetic appearance [7], as well as positional accuracy [8]. As an outcome, many experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted on surface roughness.…”

Digital Volumetric Analysis of CAD/CAM Ceramic Materials after Tooth Brushing

“…Under clinical conditions, thermal, chemical, and mechanical factors affect the quality, esthetics and longevity of ceramic restorations [14]. The complex interaction of food, beverages, saliva, and fluoride interaction of toothpaste with tooth brushing has previously demonstrated changes in the surface of ceramic materials in terms of volume, gloss, characterization, and hardness, resulting in low durability [16], [21], [22]. Therefore, tests such as tooth-brushing simulation can help to gain insight into the clinical performance of these materials [14], [23].…”

The effect of sandblasting versus acid etching on the surface roughness and biaxial flexural strength of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics (In vitro study)

“…These clusters were made up of small spherical fillers (10 nm) and large core fillers (1–3 μm) [ 14 ]. Research has demonstrated that the amount and type of the organic matrix have an impact on the roughness values [ 2 , 23 ]. Because materials’ molecular hardness values may be impacted by variations in the polymerization ratios of UDMA and Bis-GMA.…”

“…Surface roughness explains the impact of pre-treatment techniques on the surface morphology of the material [ 1 , 13 ]. Surface roughness is often expressed as (Ra), which represents the average of the microscopic peaks and valleys of the measured surface [ 23 ].…”