Influence of topography and forest characteristics on snow distributions in a forested catchment

Fujihara, Yoichi; Takase, Keiji; Chono, Shunsuke; Ichion, Eiji; Ogura, Akira; Tanaka, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.01.021

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Small temperature loggers placed in the snowpack or buried under the soil surface have been used to establish point measurements with large spatial coverage for snow depth and cold content (Fujihara et al, 2017;Reusser and Zehe, 2011), areal snow cover (Cunningham et al, 2006;Gottfried et al, 2002;Lundquist and Lott, 2008;Raleigh et al, 2013), snow temperature gradients (Molotch et al, 2016) and snow cover distribution (Fujihara et al, 2017;Lundquist and Lott, 2008). However, to our knowledge, temperature sensors placed in the snowpack have not been used previously to study micro-and localscale variations in snow melt rates.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in diurnal temperature fluctuations of the measurements can be used as the primary criterion to determine when the sensor is free of snow (Fujihara et al, 2017;Reusser and Zehe, 2011). This method is based on the high insulation properties of snow, which dampen the temperature variations in snowpack.…”

Section: Detection Of the Time When The Logger Is Free Of Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…temperature and values between 1.5 and 2.3 °C were found to be usable in the sensitivity analysis. In a study in Japan, Fujihara et al (2017) used 0.3 °C, which can lead to high error because the temperature of the sensor starts to fluctuate beyond this threshold before it is uncovered from the snowpack. The logger was also assumed to be free of snow in situations when the minimum daily temperature of the sensor was above 0.6 °C (approximately the accuracy of the sensor) even if the diurnal temperature fluctuation was below the threshold.…”

Section: Detection Of the Time When The Logger Is Free Of Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Snow profile temperature measurements in spatiotemporal analysis of snowmelt in a subarctic forest-mire hillslope

Meriö

Marttila

Ala‐aho

et al. 2018

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of the Time When The Logger Is Free Of Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of the Time When The Logger Is Free Of Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Snow profile temperature measurements in spatiotemporal analysis of snowmelt in a subarctic forest-mire hillslope

Meriö

Marttila

Ala‐aho

et al. 2018

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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“…In order to physically explain the better transferability of the (Fujihara et al, 2017;Garvelmann et al, 2015;Pohl et al, 2014) and neglecting the impact of aspect on melt rate in complex terrain is subject to mismatch with site scale measurements (Hock, 1999). It is worth to note that we conceptualized the impact of aspect on snow and ice melting by imposing the higher melt rates on south compared to north slopes by parameter C a , which still needs to be further tested in the future for feasibility to meaningfully represent the effect of aspect on melting process in the study region.…”

Section: Model Transferability and Upscalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mountainous and glacier-covered catchments, topography directly and considerably affects various meteorological factors, for example, precipitation and temperature (Barry, 1992), which have considerable impact on hydrological processes. Aspect as an essential topographic factor is a dominant control on direct solar radiation and wind exposure and thus on snow and ice accumulation and ablation (Anderton, White, & Alvera, 2004;Biederman et al, 2014;Fujihara et al, 2017;Garvelmann, Pohl, & Weiler, 2015;Hock, 1999;Pohl, Garvelmann, Wawerla, & Weiler, 2014). In hydrological models, aspect has previously been considered not only in energy balance (Blöschl et al, 1991;Pomeroy et al, 2007) but also in temperature-index models (Dunn & Colohan, 1999;Hock, 1999;Seibert, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of aspect for modelling the hydrological response in a glacier catchment in Central Asia

Gao

Ding

Zhao

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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Understanding how explicit consideration of topographic information influences hydrological model performance and upscaling in glacier dominated catchments remains underexplored. In this study, the Urumqi glacier no. 1 catchment in northwest China, with 52% of the area covered by glaciers, was selected as study site. A conceptual glacier‐hydrological model was developed and tested to systematically, simultaneously, and robustly reproduce the hydrograph, separate the discharge into contributions from glacier and nonglacier parts of the catchment, and establish estimates of the annual glacier mass balance, the annual equilibrium line altitude, and the daily catchment snow water equivalent. This was done by extending and adapting a recently proposed landscape‐based semidistributed conceptual hydrological model (FLEX‐Topo) to represent glacier and snowmelt processes. The adapted model, FLEXG, allows to explicitly account for the influence of topography, that is, elevation and aspect, on the distribution of temperature and precipitation and thus on melt dynamics. It is shown that the model can not only reproduce long‐term runoff observations but also variations in glacier and snow cover. Furthermore, FLEXG was successfully transferred and up‐scaled to a larger catchment exclusively by adjusting the areal proportions of elevation and aspect without the need for further calibration. This underlines the value of topographic information to meaningfully represent the dominant hydrological processes in the region and is further exacerbated by comparing the model to a model formulation that does not account for differences in aspect (FLEXG,nA) and which, in spite of satisfactorily reproducing the observed hydrograph, does not capture the influence of spatial variability of snow and ice, which as a consequence reduces model transferability. This highlights the importance of accounting for topography and landscape heterogeneity in conceptual hydrological models in mountainous and snow‐, and glacier‐dominated regions.

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Characteristics and simulation of snow interception by the canopy of primary spruce‐fir Korean pine forests in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains of China

Xiao

Song

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Snow interception by the forest canopy is an important control on the forest hydrological cycle in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains within the northern temperate region of China. In this study, the effects of snowfall characteristics and stand structures on the snowfall redistribution of the canopies within primary spruce‐fir Korean pine forests are analyzed at the forest stand scale. Characteristics of snowfall, through‐canopy snowfall, and stand structure are continuously measured using positioning observations. A semiempirical theoretical model is used to conduct snow interception simulations in the Xiaoxing'an Mountain region. The results indicate that the snowfall, canopy density, slope gradient, and tree height have a significant effect on the through‐canopy snowfall. The interception efficiency gradually decreases with an increase in the amount of snowfall and is particularly sensitive to the snowfall and canopy density, although it shows no significant correlation with average diameter at breast height, tree height, basal area, canopy height, canopy width, leaf area, or slope gradient. Very similar results have been observed in Canada and Switzerland, suggesting the transferability of the results between North America, Western Europe, and China. However, although model results provide a satisfactory simulation of snow interception, further studies are required to optimize the model in this region.

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Influence of topography and forest characteristics on snow distributions in a forested catchment

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Snow profile temperature measurements in spatiotemporal analysis of snowmelt in a subarctic forest-mire hillslope

Snow profile temperature measurements in spatiotemporal analysis of snowmelt in a subarctic forest-mire hillslope

The importance of aspect for modelling the hydrological response in a glacier catchment in Central Asia

Characteristics and simulation of snow interception by the canopy of primary spruce‐fir Korean pine forests in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains of China

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