Influence of Track Surface Condition on Racing Times of Thoroughbred Racehorses in Flat Races

Maeda, Yousuke; Tomioka, Michiko; Hanada, Michiko; Oikawa, Masa-aki

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2012.02.012

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The components of a Japanese dirt course (7–8 cm cushion sand layer over hard substrate; thus, in Japan, it might be preferable to refer to it as a sand course rather than a dirt course) differs from those of dirt courses used in Western countries, such as those used by the NYRA (10–12 cm cushion sandy loam layer over a 25–27 cm base layer mixed with clay/silt/sand; thus, referred to as a dirt course) [ 37 , 38 ]. The cushion sand used by the JRA is composed of river sand, which is of a fine particle size with a narrow particle size distribution [ 66 ].…”

Section: Track Surface Condition As Defined By the Jramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Track surface conditions are classified by four grades according to the levels of moisture in the track for both Japanese dirt courses and turf courses, as follows [ 66 ].…”

Section: Track Surface Condition As Defined By the Jramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has often been suggested by people involved in horse racing in foreign countries that turf courses in Japan are hard. The JRA conducted a survey of track conditions by using the track hardness measuring van mentioned above at nine racecourses in Europe and North America during the period of 1992 to 1997 and outside of the racing season [ 66 , 80 ]. The racecourses studied were Hollywood Park, Santa Anita, Arlington, and Keeneland in the United States of America (U.S.A.), Epsom and Newmarket in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (U.K.), and Longchamp, Saint Cloud, and Chantilly in the French Republic (France) ( Fig.…”

Section: Comparison Of Racetrack Properties In Japan With Those Of Eumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of racing injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses with special reference to bone fractures: Japanese experience from the 1980s to 2000s

Maeda

Hanada

Oikawa³

2016

JES

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This report describes the descriptive epidemiology of racing fractures that occurred from the 1980s to 2000s on racetracks of the Japan Racing Association (JRA). The incidence of racehorse fractures during flat racing was approximately 1–2%. Fractures occurring during a race are more likely to occur in a forelimb. Fractures mostly occur at the third and fourth corners of oval tracks and on the home stretch. They also occur more frequently at the time of changing the leading limb. Comparison of the incidence of racing fracture between before and after reconstruction of the geometrical configuration of a racetrack revealed that there was an outstanding reduction in the number of serious fractures in the year before and after reconstruction. It was postulated that the improvement in racing time, possibly influenced by reconstructing the geometrical configuration of the racetrack, was connected to the reduction in the number of fractures. Of non-biological race- and course-related factors, type of course (dirt or turf), track surface condition, differences between racecourses, and racing distance significantly influence racing time. By using an instrumented shoe, vertical ground reaction forces (VGRFs) on the forelimb during galloping and the relationships between a rough dirt and woodchip track surface and a smooth dirt and woodchip surface were measured. Relating the incidence of racing fractures with track conditions in general showed that track surface has significant effects on the incidence of fracture, with the incidence of fractures increasing as track conditions on dirt worsen and a tendency for the incidence of fractures to decrease as track conditions on turf worsen. It seems probable that track condition in general may affect the incidence of fracture. The incidence of fracture in horses during both racing and training decreased as the years progressed.

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Section: Track Surface Condition As Defined By the Jramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Track surface conditions are classified by four grades according to the levels of moisture in the track for both Japanese dirt courses and turf courses, as follows [ 66 ].…”

Section: Track Surface Condition As Defined By the Jramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Racetrack Properties In Japan With Those Of Eumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of racing injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses with special reference to bone fractures: Japanese experience from the 1980s to 2000s

Maeda

Hanada

Oikawa³

2016

JES

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“…Dolan et al, 2012), injuries (e.g. Maeda, Tomioka, Hanada, & Oikawa, 2012). Maeda, Tomioka, Hanada, & Oikawa, 2012).…”

Section: Horse Racingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of flow in jockeys during flat-race conditions

Jackman

Hout

Lane

et al. 2014

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Flow is an intrinsically rewarding psychological state associated with an enhanced state of\ud consciousness and the harmonic combination of body and mind. Jockeys often refer to the\ud highly pleasurable experience of racing performances and allude to characteristics\ud resembling the flow experience. Little is known about how the manifestation of the flow\ud experience differs in an equine sport, which features an atypical sporting partnership\ud comprising a human–horse dyad. The purpose of this study was to explore the conditions\ud that (a) facilitate, (b) inhibit and (c) disrupt the occurrence of flow in flat horse racing.\ud Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 Irish professional Flat jockeys regarding\ud their experience of flow in horse-racing performance. Based on the raw data responses,\ud higher-order themes and general dimensions were developed to capture the essence of the\ud flow experience amongst Flat jockeys. Content analysis revealed that conditions similar to\ud those which emerged in other studies involving elite athletes were prevalent, which included\ud effective preparation, environmental and situational conditions, experience, physical\ud readiness, trainer/owner interaction, focus, motivation, arousal, confidence and performance\ud feedback. The narratives also revealed the emergence of two conditions unique to equine\ud sports that were termed relationship between horse and jockey and horse demeanour and\ud performance. The optimal horse–jockey partnership was characterised by confidence,\ud optimal arousal and harmony, which emanated from the fusion of conditions pertaining\ud independently to both the horse and jockey. Findings are discussed in relation to previous\ud research on flow and the horse–human relationship. Recommendations for future research\ud and practice are outlined

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“…Isso porque o casco não consegue suportar a falta de atrito com a areia úmida e desliza. Assim, observaram que o tempo gasto para percorrer o mesmo percurso era maior em piso macio (MAEDA et al, 2012).…”

Section: Materials E Métodounclassified

>b<Estudo morfológico da cartilagem e osso subcondral dos côndilos e crista sagital do osso terceiro metacarpiano de equinos Puro-sangue-inglês através de análise de imagem>/b<

Marsiglia¹

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Certificamos que a proposta intitulada "Estudo morfológico da cartilagem e osso subcondral dos côndilos e crista sagital do osso terceiro metacarpiano de equinos Puro-sangue-inglês através de análise de imagem", protocolada sob o CEUA nº 9971210617, sob a responsabilidade de Luís Cláudio Lopes Correia da Silva e equipe; Marilia Ferrari Marsigliaque envolve a produção, manutenção e/ou utilização de animais pertencentes ao filo Chordata, subfilo Vertebrata (exceto o homem), para fins de pesquisa científica ou ensino-está de acordo com os preceitos da Lei 11.794 de 8 de outubro de 2008, com o Decreto 6.899 de 15 de julho de 2009, bem como com as normas editadas pelo Conselho Nacional de Controle da Experimentação Animal (CONCEA), e foi aprovada pela

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Influence of Track Surface Condition on Racing Times of Thoroughbred Racehorses in Flat Races

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Epidemiology of racing injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses with special reference to bone fractures: Japanese experience from the 1980s to 2000s

Epidemiology of racing injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses with special reference to bone fractures: Japanese experience from the 1980s to 2000s

Experiences of flow in jockeys during flat-race conditions

>b<Estudo morfológico da cartilagem e osso subcondral dos côndilos e crista sagital do osso terceiro metacarpiano de equinos Puro-sangue-inglês através de análise de imagem>/b<

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