Influence of Transforming Growth Factors beta 1 and beta 3 in the Scar Formation Process

Abstract

Background: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays an instrumental role in forming scars and keloids. TGF-β isoforms exhibit differential expression, indicating distinct wound healing and scar formation functions. However, the role of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in wound healing and scar formation remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the specific roles of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in wound healing and scar formation by biomolecular analysis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by cell isolation and culture cells from a total of 20 human samples. Normal human fibroblasts (NHF) were isolated from normal human samples and myofibroblasts from the different scar types, namely hypertrophic (HT) and keloid (K) scars. NHF and cells from the HT, and K scar, each of which were divided into 3 sample groups: the untreated control, TGF-β1 (10 µg/ mL)-treated group, and TGF-β3 (10 µg/mL)-treated group. The results of confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting experiments were compared. Results: Both the HT and K groups had higher α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression than the NHF group in the untreated control group. In comparison with the untreated group, NHFs showed a significant increase in α-SMA expression in the TGF-β1-treated group. HT showed a high α-SMA level, which was statistically significant compared with the normal fibroblasts. In the TGF-β3-treated group, α-SMA expression was slightly increased in NHF as compared with the untreated group. TGF-β3 treated HT exhibited a greater reduction in α-SMA expression than in the TGF-β1 treated HT. K, on the other hand, had only a minimal effect on the treatment of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3. Conclusions: The findings suggest that TGF-β3 may play a regulatory role in the wound repair process, which could be useful in the development of scar-reducing therapies for patients with scar-related cosmetic concerns.

Investigation of multifaceted wound healing effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced from probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GD2 as in vitro and in ovo

“…Fibroblast proliferation is critical for filling the tissue space formed after injury with proliferating fibroblasts and synthesizing the ECM, which is destroyed by an increase in the number of fibroblasts in the wound area [73][74][75][76] . TNF-α levels in circulating plasma are generally around 11 pg/mL while in healthy skin tissue TNF-α levels are about 1.5 ng/mL 77,78 .…”

Mechanisms regulating wound healing: Functional changes in biology mediated by lactate and histone lactylation

“…TGFβ is involved in scar formation and transformation (Lee et al, 2023). Its level declines in chronic wounds but increases in the epidermis leading to an increased fibrotic phenotype (Liarte et al, 2020).…”

Adipose‐derived stem cells enriched with therapeutic mRNA TGF‐β3 and IL‐10 synergistically promote scar‐less wound healing in preclinical models

“…However, to the best of our knowledge, therapeutic mRNA promoting scar‐less wound healing has not been documented. Classical morphogenetic factor TGF‐β3 and immunosuppressive factor IL‐10 have demonstrated robust effects as recombinant proteins in animal experiments 22,23 . To further enhance their therapeutic potential, one avenue worth investigating is combining these factors with antifibrotic cellular therapies, aiming to exert synergistic effects.…”