Influence of Trap Color and Host Volatiles on Capture of the Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Abstract

Field trapping assays were conducted in 2009 and 2010 throughout western Michigan, to evaluate lures for adult emerald ash borer, A. planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Several ash tree volatiles were tested on purple prism traps in 2009, and a dark green prism trap in 2010. In 2009, six bark oil distillate lure treatments were tested against manuka oil lures (used in 2008 by USDA APHIS PPQ emerald ash borer cooperative program). Purple traps baited with 80/20 (manuka/phoebe oil) significantly increased beetle catch compared with traps baited with manuka oil alone. In 2010 we monitored emerald ash borer attraction to dark green traps baited with six lure combinations of 80/20 (manuka/phoebe), manuka oil, and (3Z)-hexenol. Traps baited with manuka oil and (3Z)-hexenol caught significantly more male and total count insects than traps baited with manuka oil alone. Traps baited with manuka oil and (3Z)-hexenol did not catch more beetles when compared with traps baited with (3Z)-hexenol alone. When compared with unbaited green traps our results show that (3Z)-hexenol improved male catch significantly in only one of three field experiments using dark green traps. Dark green traps caught a high number of A. planipennis when unbaited while (3Z)-hexenol was seen to have a minimal (nonsignificant) trap catch effect at several different release rates. We hypothesize that the previously reported kairomonal attractancy of (3Z)-hexenol (for males) on light green traps is not as obvious here because of improved male attractancy to the darker green trap.

Improving Detection Tools for the Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Comparison of Prism and Multifunnel Traps at Varying Population Densities

“…Among ash green leaf volatiles, the largest antennal response elicited in males was produced by (3Z)-hexenol (de Groot et al 2008). This compound has been shown to increase A. planipennis trap catch (Grant et al 2010Poland et al 2011;Crook et al 2012).…”

Improving Detection Tools for Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Comparison of Multifunnel Traps, Prism Traps, and Lure Types at Varying Population Densities

“…Several insect vision and color studies have led to the development of effective colors for trapping for A. planipennis (Oliver et al 2002;Francese et al 2005Francese et al , 2008Francese et al , 2010aFrancese et al ,b, 2011Francese et al , 2013bCrook et al 2009Crook et al , 2012Grant et al 2010). Trapping studies have shown that green (530 Ð540 nm wavelengths) traps (Crook et al 2009, Francese et al 2010a) painted in the mid-range (22Ð 67%) of reßectance (brightness) and purple traps painted with a color originally shown to be attractive to buprestids are highly attractive to A. planipennis.…”

“…Although traps placed in the mid to upper canopy of ash trees catch more beetles, this can be logistically difÞcult in wide-scale monitoring programs Mastro 2010, USDAÐAPHISÐPPQ 2013). Recent emerald ash borer trapping studies have been conducted in the lower canopy range (and/or on smaller trees) to match the 4 Ð 8 m operational height (Marshall et al 2010;Francese et al 2011Francese et al , 2013aFrancese et al , 2013bGrant et al 2011;Silk et al 2011;Crook et al 2012;Lyons et al 2012;Ryall et al 2013;Poland and McCullough 2014).…”

“…Of those studied, (3Z)-hexenol has been shown to increase trap catch, especially of males (Grant et al 2010Poland et al 2011;Crook et al 2012). Grant et al (2010) further tested (3Z)-hexenol by using a "light green" plastic prism traps that was matched to the wavelength (540 nm) and reßectance (64%) of green paint tested by Crook et al (2009).…”

“…Grant et al (2010) further tested (3Z)-hexenol by using a "light green" plastic prism traps that was matched to the wavelength (540 nm) and reßectance (64%) of green paint tested by Crook et al (2009). Crook et al (2012) tested (3Z)-hexenol on dark green "Sabic" prism traps (green plastic, 540 nm, 49% reßec-tance) but found male trap catch to be signiÞcantly better in only one of three Þeld studies. They hypothesized that the previously reported kairomonal attractancy of (3Z)-hexenol (for males) on light green prism traps was not as obvious because of the improved attractancy to the darker (lower reßectance) green trap.…”