Influence of triallyl cyanurate as co-agent on gamma irradiation cured high density polyethylene/reclaimed tire rubber blend

Mali, Manoj; Arakh, Amar A.; Dubey, K.A.; Mhaske, S. T.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.10.020

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The availability of polyethylene to generate high-performance blends has been comprehensively studied [ 26 , 27 ]. Accordingly, some procedures through which the compatibilization of blending components makes possible the achievement of intimate phase interpenetration during radiation processing have been published [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The structure and morphology of various sorts of polyethylene are the favorable features by which polyethylene is modified due to the action of radiolysis-free radicals and their contribution to forming intermolecular bridges [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Insights into LDPE/UHMWPE Blends Processed by γ-Irradiation

Zaharescu¹,

Nicula²,

Râpă

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrices containing low-density polyethylene (LDPE), hydroxyapatite (HAp) as filler, and rosemary extract (RM) as stabilizer were investigated for their qualification for long-term applications. The significant contributions of the blend components were analyzed, and variations in mechanical properties, oxidation strength, thermal behavior, crystallinity, and wettability were discussed. SEM images of microstructural peculiarities completed the introspective survey. The stability improvement due to the presence of both additives was an increase in the total degradation period of 67% in comparison with an unmodified HDPE/UHMWPE blend when the materials were subjected to a 50 kGy γ-dose. There was growth in activation energies from 121 kJ mol−1 to 139 kJ mol−1 when HAp and rosemary extract delayed oxidation. The exposure of samples to the action of γ-rays was found to be a proper procedure for accomplishing accelerated oxidative degradation. The presence of rosemary extract and HAp powder significantly increased the thermal and oxidation resistances. The calculation of material lifetimes at various temperatures provided meaningful information on the wearability and integrity of the inspected composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Insights into LDPE/UHMWPE Blends Processed by γ-Irradiation

Zaharescu¹,

Nicula²,

Râpă

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…When a filler is added it helps to increase the modulus, abrasion, and tear resistance of the rubber [ 2 ]. In the rubber industry, carbon black (CB) plays an important role as a reinforcing filler [ 3 , 4 ]. CB is widely used and the dominant filler in the rubber industry because of its reduced particle size and has a huge range of grades [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Partial Replacement of Carbon Black by Palm Kernel Shell Biochar in Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Composites

et al. 2023

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With the rapid development of the palm oil-related industry, this has resulted in the high production of palm oil waste. The increasing amount of palm oil waste has become an alarming issue in which researchers have carried out studies that this palm oil waste has the potential to be used as a biomass source. Carbon black (CB) is the most preferred reinforcing filler in the rubber industry but it has a disadvantage where CB is carcinogenic and a petroleum-based product. Hence CB is less sustainable. Palm kernel shell (PKS) derived from palm oil waste can be turned into palm kernel shell biochar (PKSBc) which can potentially be a value-added, sustainable biofiller as reinforcement in rubber composites. In this study, PKSBc is hybridized with CB (N660) at different loading ratios to be filled in carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR). This study aims to elucidate the effect of the varying ratios of hybrid CB/PKSBc on the rheological properties, abrasion resistance, and hardness of XNBR composites. In this study, both CB and PKSBc are incorporated into XNBR and were then cured with sulphur. The composites were prepared by using a two-roll mill. Different compositions of hybrid CB/PKSBc were incorporated. The rheological properties and physicomechanical properties, such as abrasion resistance and hardness of the vulcanizates, were investigated. Based on the results, as the loading ratio of PKSBc in hybrid CB/PKSBc increases, the cure time decreases, and the cure rate index increases. The abrasion resistance and hardness values of vulcanizates were maintained by the high loading of PKSBc which was due to the porous structure of PKSBc as shown in the morphological analysis of PKSBc. The pores of PKSBc provided mechanical interlocking to reduce volume loss and maintain the hardness of vulcanizates when subjected to force. With this, PKSBc is proven to be a semi-reinforcing filler that could not only act as a co-filler to existing commercialized CB, but PKSBc could also fully substitute CB as reinforcement in rubber, specifically XNBR as it is able to provide high abrasion resistance and hardness to the rubber composites. This would mean the performance of PKSBc is comparable with CB (N660) when it comes to maintaining the physicomechanical properties of XNBR composites in terms of abrasion resistance and hardness. Therefore, this approach of using eco-friendly filler derived from palm oil agricultural waste (PKSBc) can reduce the abundance of palm oil waste, be a sustainable alternative to act as a co-filler in hybrid CB/PKSBc to decrease the usage of CB, and helps to enhance the quality of existing rubber-based products.

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“…ermal aging is regarded as one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the rubber blends, and various chain-cleavage reactions may occur [21][22][23][24][25]. Antioxidants are often added into the rubber for slowing down the aging process [26,27]. For instance, derivatives of aromatic or phenol are excellent antioxidants, which are mostly used for preventing the rubber from thermal aging [21,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Thermal Aging Resistance of γ‐Vulcanized Polybutadiene Rubber (BR)/Nature Rubber (NR) Blends with Sulfur Added

Mao

Wang

Mao

2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this paper, sulfur was added into polybutadiene rubber/nature rubber (BR/NR) blends for improving the resistance of thermal aging. BR/NR blends with sulfur were vulcanized by 60Co γ radiation with different irradiation doses. Afterwards, the specimens underwent thermal aging by using air oven, the non-aged specimens without such process. It was found that the crosslink degree of BR/NR blends increased with the increase in the irradiation dose, according to the results of gel and molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc). Furthermore, the crosslink degree of BR/NR blends increased after thermal aging. This made the mechanical properties and initial degradation temperature (IDT) of aged BR/NR blends improve. Sulfur could improve thermal resistance of γ-irradiated BR/NR blends. Finally, the possible mechanism of improved crosslink degree in aged BR/NR blends was illuminated in the paper.

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Influence of triallyl cyanurate as co-agent on gamma irradiation cured high density polyethylene/reclaimed tire rubber blend

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Structural Insights into LDPE/UHMWPE Blends Processed by γ-Irradiation

Structural Insights into LDPE/UHMWPE Blends Processed by γ-Irradiation

Synergistic Effect of Partial Replacement of Carbon Black by Palm Kernel Shell Biochar in Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Composites

Improving the Thermal Aging Resistance of γ‐Vulcanized Polybutadiene Rubber (BR)/Nature Rubber (NR) Blends with Sulfur Added

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