Influence of trichomes on attractiveness and ovipositional preference of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) B biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on tomato genotypes

Abstract

-Brazil is one of the world's largest tomato producer, but considerable part of the production is lost due to the attack of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) B biotype. Resistant germoplasm plants can be an important method for B. tabaci control in integrated pest management approaches. The attractiveness and ovipositional preference of B. tabaci for 17 tomato genotypes were evaluated in a free-choice test. Trials were set up in a randomized block design with ten replicates. Each replicate (one tomato plant per pot) was placed in a cage (80 x 50 x 50 cm) and infested with 1,000 adults during four days. Linear correlation tests were applied between the number of insects and eggs and number of trichomes in each tomato genotype. LA716, LA444-1 and PI134418 genotypes were the least attractive, while the 'Santa Clara' was the most attractive; PI134417 trapped the largest number of adults. LA716 genotype (4.1 eggs/leafl et and 2.1 cm 2 /eggs per leafl et) was the least preferred for whitefl y oviposition; NAV1062, 'Fanny', LA1335, 'Santa Clara' and IAC294 were the most preferred genotypes. The glandular trichomes density was negatively correlated with whitefl y's attractiveness and oviposition per leafl et and per leaf, and positively with the number of trapped insects. The non-glandular trichomes density was negatively correlated with the number of trapped insects and positively with whitefl y's oviposition per cm 2 /leafl et and per cm 2 /leaf. LA716 had high antixenosis level (ovipositional nonpreference) toward B. tabaci B biotype related with type IV glandular trichome.

Morphological characterization of Capsicum annuum L. accessions from southern Mexico and their response to the Bemisia tabaci-Begomovirus complex

“…Studies of plant resistance to the vector B. tabaci have found that this phytophagous is affected mainly by the external/physical characteristics of the leaf surface, such as hairiness, glandular trichomes, leaf shape and cuticle thickness (Berlinger, 1986;Boiça et al, 2007;Oriani and Vendramim, 2010;Oriani et al, 2011). Resistance to B. tabaci and its relation to plant morphological traits has been well documented in other crops, such as tomato, cotton, and cassava (Bellotti and Arias, 2001;Boiça et al, 2007;Oriani and Vendramim, 2010).…”

Biological aspects of the beetle Delphastus davidsoni fed with whitefly eggs laid on tomato genotypes

“…However, glandular trichomes release exudates that are able to capture whiteflies (Muigai et al, 2002;Oriani and Vendramim, 2010;Oriani et al, 2011a). Furthermore, glandular trichomes also captured a great number of first-instar of D. davidsoni, which were trapped by the exudates released by these trichomes.…”

“…Four tomato genotypes were chosen based on differences in the densities and types of trichomes, levels of antixenosis for oviposition (Oriani and Vendramim, 2010;Oriani et al, 2011a) and levels of feeding non-preference and/or antibiosis-based resistance (Oriani et al, 2011b) to B. tabaci B biotype. The chosen genotypes were: i) NAV1062 (S. pimpinellifolium = L. pimpinellifolium) -low degree of antixenosis for oviposition, low degree of feeding non-preference and/or antibiosis, and high density of type V non-glandular trichomes; ii) LA1335 (S. pimpinellifolium) -low degree of antixenosis for oviposition, high degree of feeding non-preference and/ or antibiosis, and low density of type V non-glandular trichomes; iii) PI134418 (S. habrochaites f. glabratum = L. hirsutum f. glabratum) -high degree of antixenosis for oviposition, low degree of feeding non-preference and/or antibiosis, and high density of type IV glandular trichomes; and iv) IAC294 (S. habrochaites f. glabratum) -low degree of antixenosis for oviposition, low degree of feeding non-preference and/or antibiosis, and medium density of type IV glandular trichomes.…”

“…In Solanum lycopersicum (=Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) (Peralta et al, 2006), type V trichome density is positively related to B. tabaci oviposition (Heinz and Zalom, 1995;Snyder et al, 1998), and type IV and VI glandular trichomes cause antixenosis for oviposition (Muigai et al, 2002;Oriani and Vendramim, 2010;Oriani et al, 2011a). Trichomes may also influence the searching behavior of natural predators (Hare, 1992;Guershon and Gerling, 2006), and predator efficiency may be adversely affected due to an increase in searching time for the prey (Botrell et al, 1998).…”

Biological aspects of Aphis gossypii Glöver, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on colored lint cotton cultivars

“…For instance, the trichomes are appendages that can affect the activity of insects mechanically by pilosity, depending on their density, hardness, and the length and shape of the trichomes, just as chemicals can affect the insects through the release of allelochemicals (Oriani;Vendramim, 2010). The gossypol glands are involved in the defense of cotton cultivars, and their presence and density are negatively associated with the abundance and performance of herbivores, and the damage caused by them (Summy;King, 1992).…”