Influence of two different modes of resistance training in female subjects

Hisaeda, H.; Miyagawa, K; Kuno, Shinya; Fukunaga, Tetsuo; Muraoka, Isao

doi:10.1080/00140139608964505

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is possible that differences in the exercise prescription and types of training equipment among studies could account for the variability in strength increases. The change in whole-muscle CSA seen by us at 12 weeks is similar (5.5% versus 5.9%) to that reported by Ploutz-Snyder et al 19 Hisaeda et al 11 studied two groups of young women (mean age, 20 years) before and after 4 and 8 weeks of knee extensor ST. Quadriceps femoris CSA showed a nonsignificant change of 1-1.8% after 4 weeks and a significant 3.2-3.4% increase after 8 weeks. Thus, hypertrophy was not seen early in training in young women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Strength training in older women: Early and late changes in whole muscle and single cells

et al. 2003

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In order to examine the relative contribution of neural- and muscle-based adaptation to strength training, we studied early (2 weeks) and later (12 weeks) effects of strength training on muscle size and strength and type I single-fiber size and contractility in 14 elderly women (aged 68-79 years) and seven young controls. Older subjects were randomized to training (n = 7) or control (n = 7) groups. Strength did not change, but whole muscle size increased significantly after 2 weeks. After 12 weeks, strength, whole muscle size, and specific force all increased. No changes occurred in the control group. In single fibers, no changes in size and contractility were noted after 2 weeks, but specific force was higher in the training group after 12 weeks. Early adaptations to strength training in elderly women cannot be attributed to changes at the cellular level and therefore occur primarily in the central nervous system. Later, cellular adaptations in specific force track closely whole muscle changes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Strength training in older women: Early and late changes in whole muscle and single cells

et al. 2003

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“…Interestingly, the hypertrophic response was similar between both the Low Rep and Int Rep groups. It has often been accepted that improved strength/power results from high intensity/low volume training, whereas low intensity/ high volume training maximizes muscle hypertrophy (Hisaeda et al 1996). Based on data from the present investigation, this may not be entirely true.…”

Section: Muscle Fiber Type and Cross-sectional Areacontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Some studies have used indirect methods to measure changes in cross-sectional area (magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound scanning) and have reported similar area and strength adaptations in young men (Chestnut and Docherty 1999), young women (Hisaeda et al 1996), and early postmenopausal women (Bemben et al 2000) subjected to different sets/repetition maximum training protocols. To our knowledge, only two studies have investigated the effects of different types of resistance training programs on skeletal muscle utilizing muscle biopsy sampling (Jackson et al 1990;Taaffe et al 1996), and neither of these specifically addressed the ''strengthendurance continuum''.…”

Section: Muscle Fiber Type and Cross-sectional Areamentioning

confidence: 97%

Muscular adaptations in response to three different resistance-training regimens: specificity of repetition maximum training zones

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et al. 2002

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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543

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Thirty-two untrained men [mean (SD) age 22.5 (5.8) years, height 178.3 (7.2) cm, body mass 77.8 (11.9) kg] participated in an 8-week progressive resistance-training program to investigate the "strength-endurance continuum". Subjects were divided into four groups: a low repetition group (Low Rep, n = 9) performing 3-5 repetitions maximum (RM) for four sets of each exercise with 3 min rest between sets and exercises, an intermediate repetition group (Int Rep, n = 11) performing 9-11 RM for three sets with 2 min rest, a high repetition group (High Rep, n = 7) performing 20-28 RM for two sets with 1 min rest, and a non-exercising control group (Con, n = 5). Three exercises (leg press, squat, and knee extension) were performed 2 days/week for the first 4 weeks and 3 days/week for the final 4 weeks. Maximal strength [one repetition maximum, 1RM), local muscular endurance (maximal number of repetitions performed with 60% of 1RM), and various cardiorespiratory parameters (e.g., maximum oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, maximal aerobic power, time to exhaustion) were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. In addition, pre- and post-training muscle biopsy samples were analyzed for fiber-type composition, cross-sectional area, myosin heavy chain (MHC) content, and capillarization. Maximal strength improved significantly more for the Low Rep group compared to the other training groups, and the maximal number of repetitions at 60% 1RM improved the most for the High Rep group. In addition, maximal aerobic power and time to exhaustion significantly increased at the end of the study for only the High Rep group. All three major fiber types (types I, IIA, and IIB) hypertrophied for the Low Rep and Int Rep groups, whereas no significant increases were demonstrated for either the High Rep or Con groups. However, the percentage of type IIB fibers decreased, with a concomitant increase in IIAB fibers for all three resistance-trained groups. These fiber-type conversions were supported by a significant decrease in MHCIIb accompanied by a significant increase in MHCIIa. No significant changes in fiber-type composition were found in the control samples. Although all three training regimens resulted in similar fiber-type transformations (IIB to IIA), the low to intermediate repetition resistance-training programs induced a greater hypertrophic effect compared to the high repetition regimen. The High Rep group, however, appeared better adapted for submaximal, prolonged contractions, with significant increases after training in aerobic power and time to exhaustion. Thus, low and intermediate RM training appears to induce similar muscular adaptations, at least after short-term training in previously untrained subjects. Overall, however, these data demonstrate that both physical performance and the associated physiological adaptations are linked to the intensity and number of repetitions performed, and thus lend support to the "strength-endurance continuum".

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“…According to the report of Akima et al (2000), the change in the volume of knee extensors after 20 days of bed rest was 8%. On the other hand, hypertrophic changes in the quadriceps CSA, which have been observed in previous studies using short-term (8-±10 weeks) resistance training, are less than 9% (Higibie et al 1996;Hisaeda et al 1996;Jones and Rutheford 1987;Narici et al 1989). Judging from the magnitude of SEE, therefore, it seems that the equation derived in this study for predicting MV cannot account for hypertrophic and/or atrophic changes in the relatively short term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Validity of ultrasonograph muscle thickness measurements for estimating muscle volume of knee extensors in humans

et al. 2001

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This study aimed to investigate the suitability of using ultrasonograph muscle thickness (MT) measurements to estimate the muscle volume (MV) of the quadriceps femoris as an alternative approach to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The subjects were 46 men aged from 20 to 70 years who were randomly allocated to either a validation or a cross-validation group. In the validation group, multiple and simple regression equations, which used a set of MT values determined at mid-thigh and thigh length (1) and the product of pi, (MT/2)2, and l [pi x (MT/2)2 x l], respectively, as independent variables, were derived to estimate the MV measured by MRI. Because the two equations were cross-validated, the data from the two groups were pooled to generate the final prediction equations: MV (cm3)=(MT x 311.732)+(l x 53.346) -2058.529 as the multiple regression equation and MV (cm3) = [pi x (MT/ 2)2 x l] x 1.1176+663.040 as the simple regression equation. In the multiple regression equation, MT explained 75% of the variation in the MV measured by MRI. The r2 and the standard error of the estimate (SEE) of the equations were 0.824 and 175.6 cm3 (10.6%), respectively, for the multiple regression equation and 0.829 and 173.7 cm3 (10.5%), respectively, for the simple regression equation. Thus, the present results indicate that ultrasonograph MT measurements at mid-thigh are useful for estimating the MV of knee extensors. However, the observed SEE values suggest that the prediction equation obtained in this study may be limited to population studies rather than individual assessments in longitudinal studies.

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Influence of two different modes of resistance training in female subjects

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Strength training in older women: Early and late changes in whole muscle and single cells

Strength training in older women: Early and late changes in whole muscle and single cells

Muscular adaptations in response to three different resistance-training regimens: specificity of repetition maximum training zones

Validity of ultrasonograph muscle thickness measurements for estimating muscle volume of knee extensors in humans

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