Influence of Ultrasound System and Gain on Grayscale Median Values

Steffel, Catherine N.; Brown, Roger; Korcarz, Claudia E; Varghese, Tomy; Stein, James H.; Wilbrand, Stephanie M.; Dempsey, Robert J.; Mitchell, Carol

doi:10.1002/jum.14690

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Grayscale ultrasound measures are highly sensitive to machine settings, which may have led to a null bias. 26 Reported time since diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection was not associated with any of the CCA grayscale measures at baseline or over time; however, this is an imprecise measure, because the exact date of seroconversion often is not known and duration of infection can affect arterial injury. 27 Our study participants mostly were younger men, all of whom were ART naïve at its inception, which may limit generalizability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Grayscale Ultrasound Texture Features of Carotid and Brachial Arteries in People With HIV Infection Before and After Antiretroviral Therapy

Hughey

Vuong

Ribaudo

et al. 2022

JAHA

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Background We aimed to investigate novel grayscale ultrasound characteristics of the carotid and brachial arteries in people with HIV infection before and after starting initial antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods and Results We performed grayscale ultrasound image analyses of the common carotid artery (CCA) and brachial artery before and after receipt of 1 of 3 randomly allocated ART regimens. We measured arterial wall echogenicity (grayscale median), contrast (gray‐level difference statistic method), and entropy. These measures and their changes were compared with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors, measures of HIV disease severity, and inflammatory biomarkers before and after ART. Changes in the grayscale measures were evaluated within and between ART arms. Among 201 ART‐naïve people with HIV, higher systolic blood pressure, higher body mass index, lower CD4+ T cells, and non‐Hispanic White race and ethnicity were associated independently with lower CCA grayscale median. Changes in each CCA grayscale measure from baseline to 144 weeks correlated with changes in soluble CD163: grayscale median (ρ=−0.17; P =0.044), gray‐level difference statistic–contrast (ρ=−0.19; P =0.024), and entropy (ρ=−0.21; P =0.016). Within the atazanavir/ritonavir arm, CCA entropy increased (adjusted β=0.023 [95% CI, 0.001–0.045]; P =0.04), but no other within‐arm changes in grayscale measures were seen. Correlations of brachial artery grayscale measures were weaker. Conclusions In ART‐naïve people with HIV, CCA grayscale ultrasound measures were associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors and lower grayscale median was associated with lower CD4+ T cells. Reductions in soluble CD163 with initial ART were associated with improvements in all 3 CCA grayscale measures, suggesting that reductions in macrophage activation with ART initiation may lead to less arterial injury. Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; Unique identifiers: NCT00811954; NCT00851799

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Grayscale Ultrasound Texture Features of Carotid and Brachial Arteries in People With HIV Infection Before and After Antiretroviral Therapy

Hughey

Vuong

Ribaudo

et al. 2022

JAHA

Self Cite

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“…Eventually, the quantitative estimation of echogenicity in clinical settings is often performed through greyscale histogram analysis. This imaging analysis technique involves the construction of a plot featuring the number of pixels associated with a given ROI within intervals determined by intensity level [ 53 , 54 ]. To our knowledge, data regarding the use of this methodology in critical illness are scarce, especially when considering the recent pandemic related with COVID19 disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory and peripheral muscular ultrasound characteristics in ICU COVID 19 ARDS patients

Formenti

Umbrello

Castagna

et al. 2022

Journal of Critical Care

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Purpose Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 develop ARDS requiring admission to the ICU. This study aimed to investigate the ultrasound characteristics of respiratory and peripheral muscles of patients affected by COVID19 who require mechanical ventilation. Materials and methods This is a prospective observational study. We performed muscle ultrasound at the admission of ICU in 32 intubated patients with ARDS COVID19. The ultrasound was comprehensive of thickness and echogenicity of both parasternal intercostal and diaphragm muscles, and cross-sectional area and echogenicity of the rectus femoris. Results Patients who survived showed a significantly lower echogenicity score as compared with those who did not survive for both parasternal intercostal muscles. Similarly, the diaphragmatic echogenicity was significantly different between alive or dead patients. There was a significant correlation between right parasternal intercostal or diaphragm echogenicity and the cumulative fluid balance and urine protein output. Similar results were detected for rectus femoris echogenicity. Conclusions The early changes detected by echogenicity ultrasound suggest a potential benefit of proactive early therapies designed to preserve respiratory and peripheral muscle architecture to reduce days on MV, although what constitutes a clinically significant change in muscle echogenicity remains unknown.

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“…Although they do not constitute a source of reproducible data (on the contrary, they are a result of the data), posterizing and color remapping enable grayscale images to be enhanced, recoloring different ranges of tones and, in the ultimate analysis, they are useful additional methods for presenting data in an accessible and educational manner. 7 , 13 , 15 , 16 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pós-processamento da mediana de escala de cinza (GSM), posterização e remapeamento de cores para ultrassonografia de carótidas

et al. 2023

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Resumo Fatores relativos à placa aterosclerótica podem indicar instabilidade como ulcerações, hemorragias intraplaca, núcleo lipídico, capa fibrosa delgada ou irregular e inflamação. A mediana de escala de cinza (GSM, de greyscale median) da placa é um dos métodos mais difundidos de estudo da placa aterosclerótica; nesse sentido, é importante criar uma padronização da pós-processamento de forma compreensível. O pós-processamento foi realizado no software Photoshop 23.1.1. A padronização da imagem foi alcançada com o ajuste de curvas do histograma de escalas de cinza definindo o ponto mais escuro do lúmen vascular (sangue) para zero e a adventícia distal para 190. A posterização e o remapeamento de cores foram realizados. Um método que apresenta o atual estado da arte da técnica de forma acessível e ilustrativa pode contribuir para disseminação da análise de GSM. Neste artigo, esse processo é demonstrado passo a passo.

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Influence of Ultrasound System and Gain on Grayscale Median Values

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

Grayscale Ultrasound Texture Features of Carotid and Brachial Arteries in People With HIV Infection Before and After Antiretroviral Therapy

Grayscale Ultrasound Texture Features of Carotid and Brachial Arteries in People With HIV Infection Before and After Antiretroviral Therapy

Respiratory and peripheral muscular ultrasound characteristics in ICU COVID 19 ARDS patients

Pós-processamento da mediana de escala de cinza (GSM), posterização e remapeamento de cores para ultrassonografia de carótidas

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