Influence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus on periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) may adversely affect periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The aim of this review is to systematically analyze and review animal studies investigating the effect of DM on periodontal tissues during OTM. An electronic search was conducted via PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CONTROL) using the keywords “diabetes,” “orthodontics,” and “tooth movement” for studies published between January 2000 and August 2016. After elimination of duplicate items, the primary search resulted in 89 articles. After exclusion of irrelevant articles on the basis of abstract and title, full texts of 25 articles were read to exclude additional irrelevant studies. Seven animal studies were included in this review for qualitative analysis. When compared to healthy animals, more bone resorption and diminished bone remodeling were observed in diabetic animals in all studies. Furthermore, DM decreased the rate of OTM in one study, but in another study, DM accelerated OTM. DM may adversely affect bone remodeling and tooth movement during application of orthodontic forces. However, a number of potential sources of bias and deficiencies in methodology are present in studies investigating the association between OTM and DM. Hence, more long-term and well-designed studies are required before the exact mechanism and impact of DM on outcomes of orthodontic treatment is understood.

Synergistic alveolar bone resorption by diabetic advanced glycation end products and mechanical forces

“…To prevent and manage AB destruction in patients with diabetes, dentists may need to better understand the process by which AB destruction is aggravated in diabetic HG. In this regard, the fact that occlusal overload causes AB resorption and that AB resorption is augmented in DM with occlusal trauma or orthodontic force under clinical conditions is noteworthy. This indicates that exertion of excessive MF on teeth may be a crucial causative factor in triggering or augmenting AB resorption in DM.…”

Periodontal response to orthodontic tooth movement in diabetes‐induced rats with or without periodontal disease

“…However, the difference between the diabetic and non‐diabetic conditions was not significant, which suggests that the presence of periodontal disease may play a role in the amount of tooth movement. The literature's results regarding the influence of diabetes on tooth movement are unclear, with one study showing greater tooth movement in the presence of diabetes and others showing otherwise …”

Human Gingival Crevicular Fluids (GCF) Proteomics: An Overview

“…Orthodontics is one of the major subspecialties of dentistry that deals with the management of malposition teeth and the jaws. Certain studies were conducted to assess changes within GCF during orthodontic tooth movement [ 24 ]. Initially, when orthodontic force is applied to allow tooth movement to occur, certain metabolic changes occur within periodontium along with the process of bone remodeling that includes some osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity.…”