INFLUENCE OF URINARY pH ON EXCRETION OF AMPHETAMINE

Beckett, A. H.; Rowland, M.; Turner, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91033-0

Cited by 101 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One important factor could be differences in urine pH. Elimination of sympathomimetic amines is pH-dependent (29,30). Beckett et al (30) showed that the mean urinary excretion rate of amphetamine in normal men was reduced 5-fold by maintaining a urine pH of about 8.0 and increased 3.8-fold when the pH was lowered to 5.0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elimination of sympathomimetic amines is pH-dependent (29,30). Beckett et al (30) showed that the mean urinary excretion rate of amphetamine in normal men was reduced 5-fold by maintaining a urine pH of about 8.0 and increased 3.8-fold when the pH was lowered to 5.0. The mean (± standard deviation) pH for the three subjects whose analyte concentration patterns are graphed in Figure 1 ranged from 6.33 ± 0.81 to 6.84 ± 0.54.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Urinary MDMA, MDA, HMMA, and HMA Excretion Following Controlled MDMA Administration to Humans

Abraham¹,

Barnes²,

Lowe³

et al. 2009

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy, is excreted as unchanged drug, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and free and glucuronidated/sulfated 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA) metabolites. The aim of this paper is to describe the pattern and timeframe of excretion of MDMA and its metabolites in urine. Placebo, 1.0 mg/kg, and 1.6 mg/kg oral MDMA doses were administered double-blind to healthy adult MDMA users on a monitored research unit. All urine was collected, aliquots were hydrolyzed, and analytes quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Median Cmax, Tmax, ratios, first and last detection times, and detection rates were determined. Sixteen participants provided 916 urine specimens. After 1.6 mg/kg, median Cmax were 21,470 (MDMA), 2229 (MDA), 20,793 (HMMA), and 876 ng/mL (HMA) at median Tmax of 13.9, 23.0, 9.2 and 23.3 h. In the first 24 h, 30.2–34.3% total urinary excretion occurred. HMMA last detection exceeded MDMA’s by more than 33 h after both doses. Identification of HMMA as well as MDMA increased the ability to identify positive specimens but required hydrolysis. These MDMA, MDA, HMMA, and HMA pharmacokinetic data may be useful for interpreting workplace, drug treatment, criminal justice, and military urine drug tests. Measurement of urinary HMMA provides the longest detection of MDMA exposure yet is not included in routine monitoring procedures.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary MDMA, MDA, HMMA, and HMA Excretion Following Controlled MDMA Administration to Humans

Abraham¹,

Barnes²,

Lowe³

et al. 2009

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Experimental and clinical studies reveal that the elimination of AP and methamphetamine (MA) is pH‐dependent. The mean excretion rate of AP in urine over a 16 h period in normal men was 14.5%, but it reduced to 2.9%, if the men excreted urine with higher pH than the normal value, and it increased to 54.5% if the men excreted urine with lower pH 3, 4. Similarly, the mean excretion rate of MA in urine over a 24 h period was 43%, whereas it increased to 76% when the urine was more acid and decreased to 2% when the urine was more alkaline 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Urinary pH on the Pharmacokinetics of Three Amphetamine‐Type Stimulants Using a New High‐Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method

Wang

Fěng

Wang

et al. 2009

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Urine tests may not detect recent clinically relevant ingestion as the patients are unlikely to have taken amphetamines after becoming unwell, but could be withdrawing [the patients in this series had been unwell for a median of 3.5 days (range: 2–14)]. In addition, the half‐life of amphetamines is shortened at acidic urine pH (approximately 8 h) (Beckett et al . 1965) and the patients in this series had a median admission urine pH of 5 (range: 5–8), as determined with Combur10 (Boehringer, Mannheim, Germany).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%