Influence of Various Bottom DBR Designs on the Thermal Properties of Blue Semiconductor-Metal Subwavelength-Grating VCSELs

Abstract

In this paper, we consider several designs for nitride-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a top semiconductor-metal subwavelength grating (SMSG) as the facet mirror. The constructions of the bottom distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) used in the VCSEL designs were inspired by devices demonstrated recently by several research groups. A multiparameter numerical analysis was performed, based on self-consistent thermal and electrical simulations. The results show that, in the case of small aperture VCSEL designs, dielectric-based DBRs with metallic or GaN channels enable equally efficient heat dissipation to designs with monolithically integrated DBRs. In the case of broad aperture designs enabled by SMSGs, monolithically integrated DBRs provide much more efficient heat dissipation in comparison to all other considered designs.

Dual-guiding-layer resonance structure with an embedded metasurface for quasi-critical coupling without a perfect mirror

“…In this structure, the lower DBR ideally requires 100% reflectance and forms a one-port optical cavity. Total absorption can thus be achieved by controlling the upper DBR reflectance and the location of the graphene, although the poor heat dissipation caused by the presence of the DBRs is a potential drawback 12 .…”