“…Mechanical means included lasers, sandblasting, polishing and soflex disc, silicon carbide paper, and diamond bur roughening. 2,4,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]25,26,28 Chemically, acid etching (9.6% hydrofluoric acid, 37% phosphoric acid), application of primers, and universal adhesive were found. 2,12,14,[16][17][18][19][20]22,25,27,28 Sandblasting was the most found surface treatment.…”