Influence of varying environmental conditions on biennial bearing habit of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x C. deliciosa Tenora) grown at different clusters in the Punjab province, Pakistan

Abstract

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Environmental variables influence the developmental stages of the citrus leafminer, infestation level and mined leaves physiological response of Kinnow mandarin

“…Among the citrus cultivars in the Punjab plain, Kinnow mandarin grows 91% in three major clusters in the central-north, central and southern regions of the province 2 . The central-north cluster representing Sargodha and the adjacent districts of M.B Din and Chiniot leads the citrus area (60–62%), the central cluster area (8–10%) comprising the districts of TTS, Faisalabad and Jhang, and the southern cluster area (15–18%) including the districts of Sahiwal, Khanewal and Vehari, all three clusters are located in the irrigated canal area 3 .…”

“…Approximately 34 insects and mite pests have infested various citrus cultivars 3 , 4 , including citrus leafminer (CLM) or leafminer (LM) Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), which has emerged as a direct leaf damaging citrus pest and associated ornamental plants 5 . It is a destructive pest 6 , with 16 generations overlapping in one year 7 and likely to attack nurseries, young plantations and tender leaves 8 .…”