Influence of vascular porosity on fluid flow and nutrient transport in loaded cortical bone

Goulet, Grant C.; Hamilton, Nicolas; Cooper, David M.L.; Coombe, D.; Tran, David; Martinuzzi, Robert J.; Zernicke, Ronald F.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.022

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These considerations concerning the plots in figures 6 and 7 suggest a PV permeability greater than 10 −9 m 2 and perhaps a little lower than 10 −8 m 2 . Our interpretation of results presented in a recent paper by Goulet et al (2008) reinforces the point made at the end of the previous paragraph concerning a PV permeability greater than 10 −9 m 2 and perhaps a little lower than 10 −8 m 2 . In that work a finite element model whose geometry was generated from a quantitative computed tomography scan of a section of human tibia was employed.…”

Section: Poroelastic Model Of the Pv Level In Bone Tissuesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…As we began work on this paper we thought that a PV permeability of 10 −14 m 2 was possible. Our original version of the figure that is now figure 6 employed a PV permeability of 10 −14 m 2 and our results were similar to those of Goulet et al (2008) in predicting an unrealistically high pore pressure in the PV. It is the analysis of the last paragraph that changed our minds.…”

Section: Poroelastic Model Of the Pv Level In Bone Tissuesupporting

confidence: 70%

“…As noted in the previous section the results of this study suggest a PV permeability greater than 10 −9 m 2 and perhaps a little lower than 10 −8 m 2 . The second reason is that permeabilities as low as 10 −14 m 2 predict PV pore pressures that are too high as this work, and that of Goulet et al (2008), show.…”

Section: Implications For the Determination Of The Permeabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Hierarchical poroelasticity: movement of interstitial fluid between porosity levels in bones

Cowin

Gailani

Benalla

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

103

113

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The governing equations for the theory of poroelastic materials with hierarchical pore space architecture and compressible constituents undergoing small deformations are developed. These equations are applied to the problem of determining the exchange of pore fluid between the vascular porosity (PV) and the lacunar-canalicular porosity (PLC) in bone tissue due to cyclic mechanical loading and blood pressure oscillations. The result is basic to the understanding of interstitial flow in bone tissue that, in turn, is basic to understanding of nutrient transport from the vasculature to the bone cells buried in the bone tissue and to the process of mechanotransduction by these cells. A formula for the volume of fluid that moves between the PLC and PV in a cyclic loading is obtained as a function of the cyclic mechanical loading and blood pressure oscillations. Formulas for the oscillating fluid pore pressure in both the PLC and the PV are obtained as functions of the two driving forces, the cyclic mechanical straining and the blood pressure, both with specified amplitude and frequency. The results of this study also suggest a PV permeability greater than 10 −9 m 2 and perhaps a little lower than 10 −8 m 2 . Previous estimates of this permeability have been as small as 10 −14 m 2 .

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Section: Poroelastic Model Of the Pv Level In Bone Tissuesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Poroelastic Model Of the Pv Level In Bone Tissuesupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Implications For the Determination Of The Permeabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 69%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hierarchical poroelasticity: movement of interstitial fluid between porosity levels in bones

Cowin

Gailani

Benalla

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

103

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These considerations concerning the plots in Figures 9.11 and 9.12 suggest a PV permeability lower than 10 −9 m 2 and perhaps a little greater than 10 −8 m 2 . The interpretation in [91] of results presented in a recent paper [95] reinforces the point made at the end of the previous paragraph concerning a PV permeability lower than 10 −9 m 2 and perhaps a little greater than 10 −8 m 2 . In [95], a finite element model whose geometry was generated from a quantitatively computed tomography scan of a section of human tibia was employed.…”

Section: Interchange Of Interstitial Fluid Between the Vascular And Lsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The interpretation in [91] of results presented in a recent paper [95] reinforces the point made at the end of the previous paragraph concerning a PV permeability lower than 10 −9 m 2 and perhaps a little greater than 10 −8 m 2 . In [95], a finite element model whose geometry was generated from a quantitatively computed tomography scan of a section of human tibia was employed. The fluid velocities and the pore fluid pressure in the PLC and in the PLC + PV were calculated for .13 A plot of the pore pressure due to blood pressure in the PV, p V (β, t), as a function of the dimensionless radial coordinate of the model bone b at various temporal points in the cyclic oscillation.…”

Section: Interchange Of Interstitial Fluid Between the Vascular And Lsupporting

confidence: 86%

Interstitial Fluid Movement in Cortical Bone Tissue

Cowin

2010

Biomechanics of Hard Tissues

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Blood and interstitial fluid have many functions in a bone. They transport nutrients to, and carry waste from, the bone cells (osteocytes) buried in the bony matrix. They are involved in the transport of minerals to the bone tissue for storage and the retrieval of those minerals when the body needs them. Interstitial flow is considered to have a role in bone's mechanosensory system. Bone deformation causes the interstitial flow over the cell processes of the osteocyte creating a drag on the fibers that connect the cell; the drag force created by the flowing interstitial fluid is sensed by the cell [1][2][3][4]. A full physiological understanding of this mechanosensory system will provide insight into the following three important clinical problems: (i) how to maintain the long-term stability of bone implants, (ii) the physiological mechanism underlying osteoporosis, and (iii) how to maintain bones in long-duration space flights and long-term bed rest.Since one purpose of this work is to describe how these fluid systems work, consideration is limited to cortical bone in the mid-diaphysis of a long bone.Although most of what is described is also applicable to the bone tissue at other anatomical sites, the discussion is more concise and direct if this limitation is stipulated.The majority of the motive force for the blood flow is from the heart, but the contraction of muscles attached to the bone and the mechanical loading of bone also contribute to this motive force. The majority of the motive force for the interstitial fluid flow is due to the mechanical loading of bone, but the contraction of muscles attached to bone and the heart also supply some of its motive force. The influence of the mechanical loading of a whole bone on the fluid system's maintenance of the bone tissue is critical. The fluid flow resulting from the mechanical loading is modeled by the theory of poroelasticity. This theory models the interaction of deformation and fluid flow in a fluid-saturated porous medium. The theory was proposed by Biot [5, 6] as a theoretical extension of soil consolidation models developed to calculate the settlement of structures placed on fluid-saturated porous soils. The theory has been widely applied to geotechnical problems beyond soil

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Towards understanding how bisphosphonate‐dependent alterations to nutrient canal integrity can contribute to risk for atypical femoral fractures: Biomechanical considerations and potential relationship to a real‐world analogy

Hart

2023

BioEssays

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Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs which have shown good efficacy in the treatment of post‐menopausal osteoporosis, as well as a good safety profile. However, side‐effects such as risk for atypical femoral fractures (AFF) have appeared, leading to a decline in use of the drugs by many patients who would benefit from the treatment. While patient characteristics have contributed to improved understanding of risk factors, the mechanisms involved that explain AFF risk have not appeared. Recently, the possibility that the mechanism(s) involved drug‐induced modification of cells of the nutrient canals of the femur and subsequent compromise in the bone matrix has been published. The present Hypothesis article builds on the concept presented earlier and expands into biomechanical considerations. An analogy of the mechanisms involved to a real‐life scenario is also presented. While this analogy has limitations, consideration of the biomechanical implications of progressive alterations to defects presented by compromised nutrient canal‐bone matrix also presents potential relationships with AFF risk.

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Influence of vascular porosity on fluid flow and nutrient transport in loaded cortical bone

Cited by 32 publications

References 47 publications

Hierarchical poroelasticity: movement of interstitial fluid between porosity levels in bones

Hierarchical poroelasticity: movement of interstitial fluid between porosity levels in bones

Interstitial Fluid Movement in Cortical Bone Tissue

Towards understanding how bisphosphonate‐dependent alterations to nutrient canal integrity can contribute to risk for atypical femoral fractures: Biomechanical considerations and potential relationship to a real‐world analogy

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