Influence of water motion and reproductive attributes on movement and shelter use in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis

Pardo, Luis Miguel; Johnson, Ladd E.

doi:10.3354/meps315177

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In the same way, gravidity in females may reduce the likelihood of risky behaviour. In the marine snail (Littorina saxatilis) gravid females with a higher number of embryos remain more time in shelters, suggesting that those snails with more to lose are those more likely to avoid risk (Pardo and Johnson, 2006). Similarly, in sea snakes (Laticauda spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reproductive state affects hiding behaviour under risk of predation but not exploratory activity of female Spanish terrapins

Ibáñez

Marzal

López

et al. 2015

Behavioural Processes

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Female investment during reproduction may reduce survivorship due to increased predation risk. During pregnancy, the locomotor performance of gravid females might be diminished due to the additional weight acquired. In addition, egg production may also increase thermoregulatory, metabolic and physiological costs. Also, pregnant females have greater potential fitness and should take fewer risks. Thus, females should ponder their reproductive state when considering their behavioural responses under risky situations. Here, we examine how reproductive state influence risk-taking behaviour in different contexts in female Spanish terrapins (Mauremys leprosa). We simulated predator attacks of different risk levels and measured the time that the turtles spent hiding entirely inside their own shells (i.e. appearance times). We also assessed the subsequent time after emergence from the shell that the turtles spent immobile monitoring for predators before starting to escape actively (i.e. waiting times). Likewise, we performed a novel-environment test and measured the exploratory activity of turtles. We found no correlations between appearance time, waiting time or exploratory activity, but appearance times were correlated across different risk levels. Only appearance time was affected by the reproductive state, where gravid females reappeared relatively later from their shells after a predator attack than non-gravid ones. Moreover, among gravid females, those carrying greater clutches tended to have longer appearance times. This suggests that only larger clutches could affect hiding behaviour in risky contexts. In contrast, waiting time spent scanning for predators and exploratory activity were not affected by the reproductive state. These differences between gravid and non-gravid females might be explained by the metabolic-physiological costs associated with egg production and embryo maintenance, as well as by the relatively higher potential fitness of gravid females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reproductive state affects hiding behaviour under risk of predation but not exploratory activity of female Spanish terrapins

Ibáñez

Marzal

López

et al. 2015

Behavioural Processes

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“…Empty pits may be an important habitat for intertidal organisms seeking shelter from hydrodynamic forces and water-borne projectiles, especially when alternative structures are not present (Pardo & Johnson 2006). Wave force is an important component of structuring rocky intertidal communities (Dayton 1971;Denny 1988), and dissolution of plaster clod cards indicates that average water velocities are reduced in urchin pits relative to adjacent flat spaces (B. M. Grupe, unpublished data;but see O'Donnell & Denny 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat modification in tidepools by bioeroding sea urchins and implications for fine‐scale community structure

Davidson

Grupe

2014

Marine Ecology

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By creating novel habitats, habitat‐modifying species can alter patterns of diversity and abundance in marine communities. Many sea urchins are important habitat modifiers in tropical and temperate systems. By eroding rocky substrata, urchins can create a mosaic of urchin‐sized cavities or pits separated by exposed, often flat surfaces. These microhabitats appear to harbor distinct assemblages of species. We investigated how a temperate rocky intertidal community uses three small‐scale (<100 cm2) microhabitats created by or adjacent to populations of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus): pits occupied by urchins, unoccupied pits, and adjacent flat spaces. In tidepools, flat spaces harbored the highest percent cover of algae and sessile fauna, followed by empty pits and then occupied pits. The Shannon diversity and richness of these sessile taxa were significantly higher in flat spaces and empty pits than in occupied pits. The composition of these primary space holders in the microhabitats also varied. Unlike primary space holders, mobile fauna exhibited higher diversity and richness in empty pits than in flat spaces and occupied pits, although results were not significant. The protective empty pit microhabitat harbored the highest densities of most trophic functional groups. Herbivores, however, were densest in flat spaces, concordant with high algal coverage. These results suggest the habitats created by S. purpuratus in addition to its biological activities alter community structure at spatial scales finer than those typically considered for sea urchins.

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“…The spatial dimension of these plots was ~30 cm or 300,000 μm, which corresponds to the typical daily foraging range of molluscan grazers (e.g., Pardo and Johnson ). It also falls within the temporal and spatial dimensions of the majority of ecological field experiments (Kareiva and Anderson ), especially in studies of rocky shore communities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistency in a marine algal‐grazer interaction over multiple scales

Johnson

Paine

2016

Journal of Phycology

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Coralline algae are conspicuous members of many marine assemblages, especially those characterized by intense grazing pressure. We explored whether articulated species, especially Corallina vancouveriensis, depend on grazing invertebrates to both establish and flourish in an exposed rocky intertidal setting, and whether this plant-grazer relationship varied over more than three orders of magnitude (≈100->300,000 μm). Three experimental manipulations, supplemented by observations on recruitment, demonstrated that (i) C. vancouveriensis failed to recover rapidly from disturbed areas when grazers were experimentally excluded; (ii) recruitment occurred in the presence of grazers; (iii) increasing surface texture of molded surfaces enhanced coralline recruitment more when grazers were present; and (iv) settlement occurred predominately in microtopographical low areas of a molded surface, whereas a competitively superior fleshy red alga tended to recruit to high areas. These results confirm that coralline algal establishment and persistence are enhanced by grazers and reveal that this relationship is consistent over a range of biologically relevant scales.

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Influence of water motion and reproductive attributes on movement and shelter use in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Reproductive state affects hiding behaviour under risk of predation but not exploratory activity of female Spanish terrapins

Reproductive state affects hiding behaviour under risk of predation but not exploratory activity of female Spanish terrapins

Habitat modification in tidepools by bioeroding sea urchins and implications for fine‐scale community structure

Consistency in a marine algal‐grazer interaction over multiple scales

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