Influence of Water Temperature on Submersion Tolerance of Four Grasses<sup>1</sup>

Beard, J. B.; Martín, David

doi:10.2134/agronj1970.00021962006200020024x

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Em geral, os danos causados pelo alagamento às plantas variam com a freqüência, a duração (Anderson, 1972), a altura da lâmina d'água (Anderson, 1974), a temperatura da água (Beard & Martin, 1970) e o tipo de sedimento (Armstrong et al, 1994). O excesso de água no solo acarreta diminuição da difusão do oxigênio, necessário à respiração radicular, causando hipoxia (baixa con-centração de oxigênio) ou anoxia (ausência de oxigênio) no solo (Thomson & Greenway, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Crescimento de espécies do gênero Brachiaria sob alagamento em casa de vegetação

Mattos¹,

Gomide²,

Huaman

2005

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar a tolerância ao alagameto de quatro espécies de Brachiaria ( B. decumbens, B. brizantha, B. humidicola e B. mutica), a partir de suas características morfogênicas, fisiológicas e produtivas. Os tratamentos foram arranjados segundo esquema fatorial 4 x 3 -quatro espécies de Brachiaria e três níveis de disponibilidade de água no solo (capacidade de campo, lâmina d'água de 1 e 10 cm acima do solo). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se colunas de PVC com 60 cm de altura x 30 cm de diâmetro. Os níveis de alagamento foram impostos a partir do 22 o dia de rebrota após corte de uniformização. O acréscimo de água aos vasos, necessário para satisfazer a lâmina d'água a 1 e 10 cm do nível do solo nos respectivos vasos, foi controlado com o auxílio de furos presentes nas paredes dos vasos a 1 e 10 cm acima do nível do solo, respectivamente. O alagamento comprometeu a taxa de alongamento e acentuou a taxa de senescência das lâminas foliares, independentemente da espécie. Observou-se controle estomático das trocas gasosas em folhas de todas as espécies. O alagamento reduziu a fotossíntese líquida das espécies de Brachiaria, exceto de B. mutica, que superou as demais espécies sob a lâmina d'água de 10 cm acima do solo. Também diminuiu significativamente a área e o peso das lâminas foliares verdes, exceto em B. mutica, que apresentou apenas ligeira tendência de queda. A B. mutica apresentou numerosas raízes adventícias, que, possivelmente, lhe conferiram superior tolerância ao alagamento.Palavras-chave: biomassa, condutância estomática, fotossíntese, índices morfogênicos Effect of Flooding on the Growth of Brachiaria Species in GreenhouseABSTRACT -This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of four Brachiaria species (B. decumbens, B. brizantha, B. humidicola and B. mutica) to flooding with regard to their morphogenetical, physiological and production characteristics. The experimental treatments resulted from a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement of four Brachiaria species and three flooding conditions (water field capacity, 1 and 10 cm water lamina above the soil surface) distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three replications. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse, in PVC column pot 60 cm high and 30 cm in diameter. The flooding was imposed during 18 days from the 22 nd days of regrowth, after uniformization clipping. Small holes made 1 and 10 cm above soil level allowed to control the desired water lamina level in the pots. Flooding hindered leaf blade elongation rate and increased leaf blade senescence rate, regardless of species. Stomatal control of gas exchanges was observed in all species. Flooding reduced the photosynthesis rate in all species, except B. mutica, which out-yielded the others species under the 10 cm water level. Flooding significantly reduced the area and weight of green leaf blade, except in B. mutica which showed only a slight decrease tendency. Th...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Crescimento de espécies do gênero Brachiaria sob alagamento em casa de vegetação

Mattos¹,

Gomide²,

Huaman

2005

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…2). The rate of CO2 produced from Dover was considerably greater than from Fredrick, and after 4 weeks, the level was 50%1o greater in Dover than Fredrick, despite the fact that the mortality of plants was high for both cultivars.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Metabolic and Ultrastructural Changes Associated with Flooding at Low Temperature in Winter Wheat and Barley

Pomeroy¹,

Andrews²

1979

Plant Physiol.

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Cold-hardened winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fredrick) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dover) were exposed to total flooding at 2 C. Dover seedlngs were damaged more quickly than Fredrick, and after 3 weeks of flooding the survival of Dover was reduced to 10% and Fredrick to about 50%. Tissue moisture was slightly greater in Dover than Fredrick throughout the 4-week flooding period. Carbon dioxide and ethanol accumulated throughout the 4-week flooding period in both cultivars. Lactic acid increased rapidly during the 1st week of flooding, and remained relatively constant during the remainder of the flooding period. Oxygen consumption of seedling shoot tissue after exposure to flooding declined abruptly after only 1 day of flooding, but recovered somewhat during the subsequent 2 weeks. The effect of flooding was more pronounced on the ultrastructure of Dover than Fredrick. Although proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum was observed in the early stages of flooding in both cultivars, the occurrence of distinct parallel arrays and concentric whorls of membranes was prevalent in the flooded barley. Severe ultrastructural damage to a large proportion of apical cells in both cultivars was observed after 2 to 3 weeks of flooding.Exposure of plants to partial or total flooding results in major alterations in various physiological and metabolic processes (5,8,9,21,22). In flooding-intolerant species, normal respiration is blocked or severely inhibited resulting in enhanced rates of glycolysis, accumulation of one or more potentially toxic metabolites of anaerobic metabolism, and injury to the plant (5, 17). Respiratory processes of flooding-tolerant species are not as adversely affected by flooding (15, 16), and hence the accumulation of anaerobic metabolites and associated injury is generally less pronounced than in flooding-intolerant species (5, 8). Therefore, we concluded (8) lesser degree in some plant species. Ethylene was shown to increase sharply during flooding and was associated with injury in several plant species (12, 13). It also was observed that tolerance to anoxia in germinating seeds (7) and grasses (4) is greater when the metabolic rate is reduced at low temperature. Flooding of winter cereals frequently occurs during autumn and spring in northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Low temperature flooding is currently being investigated in this laboratory as one of the factors influencing the winter survival of cereals. This paper reports changes in survival, cellular ultrastructure, and metabolic properties of a winter wheat and a winter barley during low temperature flooding in controlled environment conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODSCold-acclimated seedlings of Fredrick winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Dover winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were used in this investigation. Seedlings were grown in soil for 5 days at 20 C light, 15 C dark with a 16-h day at a light intensity of 525 ,uE m-2 S-1 (about 35,000 lux) and then were transferred to 2 C light, 0 C dark wit...

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“…O aparente maior efeito do alagamento sobre as taxas de alongamento foliar que de senescência foliar é atribuído às baixas temperaturas durante o período experimental, amenizando o efeito do alagamento sobre a senescência e morte de folhas (Beard & Martin, 1970). McIvor (1984) também sugere que a senescência é mais rápida sob condições favoráveis de crescimento e que se correlaciona mais estreitamente com o suprimento de umidade que com a temperatura.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Crescimento de espécies de Brachiaria sob déficit hídrico e alagamento a campo

Mattos¹,

Gomide²,

Huaman

2005

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, sendo um instalado em área de encosta e outro em área de baixada. Objetivou-se avaliar a tolerância à seca e ao alagamento de três espécies comerciais de Brachiaria (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. brizantha cv. Marandu e B. mutica) e três acessos (B. brizantha B-11, B. humidicola cv. Tupi e B. dictyoneura), a partir de suas características morfogênicas, produtivas e relações hídricas. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições. As parcelas, com 4 m 2 de área total, foram constituídas de oito linhas de 2 m de comprimento, com espaçamento entre linhas de 0,25 m. Dezenove dias após corte de uniformização, a área localizada na baixada foi submetida ao alagamento de uma lámina d'àgua de 56 mm de água, por 30 dias; simultaneamente, suspendeu-se a irrigação na área de encosta sob déficit hídrico. O alagamento foi mais prejudicial às características morfogênicas que déficit hídrico. Enquanto a taxa de alongamento foliar de todas as espécies foi mais baixa sob alagamento, as taxas de aparecimento e senescência foliares responderam ao estresse hídrico conforme a espécie. A taxa de aparecimento de folhas foi mais comprometida pelo alagamento apenas em B. dictyoneura, B. mutica e B. brizantha cv. Marandu. As maiores taxas de senecência de folhas ocorreram sob alagamento, particularmente em B. decumbens, B. brizantha cv. Marandu e B-11. Os estresses hídricos tiveram efeitos diferenciados sobre as características produtivas das espécies. A produção de biomassa verde aérea foi maior em B-11 sob regime de déficit hídrico, enquanto em B. dictyoneura e B. mutica, observou-se tendência de valores mais altos sob regime de alagamento. O índice de área foliar foi mais alto sob deficit hídrico, apenas em B. brizantha Marandu e B-11. A população de perfilhos basilares foi maior sob alagamento apenas em B. dictyoneura.Palavras-chave: biomassa, status foliar hídrico, índices morfogênicos, perfilhamento Effect of Water Deficit and Flooding on the Growth of Brachiaria Species in the FieldABSTRACT -Two experiments were carried out from December/1997 to June/1998. One experiment was performed on hilly area e and the second one on lowland area. These experiments aimed to evaluate the tolerance to flooding and low soil water potential of three commercial Brachiaria species (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. brizantha cv. Marandu e B. mutica) and three acesses (B. brizantha B-11, B. humidicola cv. Tupi and B. dictyoneura). Morphogenetical, productive and plant water status were the variables assessed. In each experiment the species were distributed in randomized blocks with six replications. Each plot had eight 2 m rows, spaced 0.25 m from each other. During the establishment phase both experimental areas were irrigated, if required. Nineteen days after uniformization clipping, the experiment on the lowland was daily flooded with a 56 mm of water lamina over 30 days, while the irrigation was supressed on the hilly area. Flooding was more detrimental to the morphogenetic trait...

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Influence of Water Temperature on Submersion Tolerance of Four Grasses¹

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Crescimento de espécies do gênero Brachiaria sob alagamento em casa de vegetação

Crescimento de espécies do gênero Brachiaria sob alagamento em casa de vegetação

Metabolic and Ultrastructural Changes Associated with Flooding at Low Temperature in Winter Wheat and Barley

Crescimento de espécies de Brachiaria sob déficit hídrico e alagamento a campo

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Influence of Water Temperature on Submersion Tolerance of Four Grasses1

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Crescimento de espécies do gênero Brachiaria sob alagamento em casa de vegetação

Crescimento de espécies do gênero Brachiaria sob alagamento em casa de vegetação

Metabolic and Ultrastructural Changes Associated with Flooding at Low Temperature in Winter Wheat and Barley

Crescimento de espécies de Brachiaria sob déficit hídrico e alagamento a campo

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Influence of Water Temperature on Submersion Tolerance of Four Grasses¹