Influence of wax chemical structure on W/O emulsion rheology and stability

Freitas, Gizele Batalha; Duncke, Angela Camila Pinto; Barbato, Carla Napoli; Oliveira, Márcia; Pinto, José Carlos; Nele, Márcio

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.08.008

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…oil/water (O/W) or water/oil (W/O), since the lipids exhibited an insulating character, as demonstrated by the emulsion containing BW (a natural electrical insulator). Additionally, the determination of the conductivity could serve as a parameter for monitoring the stability of emulsions regarding the changes in the separation and long‐term phases 42,16 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the determination of the conductivity could serve as a parameter for monitoring the stability of emulsions regarding the changes in the separation and long-term phases. 42,16 Regarding the viscosity of the emulsions, despite the significant interaction (Table S1) between LB and the presence or absence of 43 the viscosity of emulsions is essential to their application as coatings. Further, the viscosity value depends on the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the matrix-forming surfactants and the different components, such as esters, wax acids, hydrocarbons, and free fatty acids, that form the LB.…”

Section: Development Of the Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waxes, especially beeswax (BW) 10,11 and CW 12,13 are widely used because of their ability to form high‐quality hydrophobic barriers. Vegetable oils can also be employed to produce coatings, 14,15 although the technological properties of these emulsions vary widely 16 . Emulsion formulations may also contain ammonium hydroxide (AH) as a cationic oil/water (O/W) emulsifier and additives as the activating ingredients of specific activities, such as the antimicrobial and/or antioxidant activities of some oils and vitamins 15,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetable oils can also be employed to produce coatings, 14,15 although the technological properties of these emulsions vary widely. 16 Emulsion formulations may also contain ammonium hydroxide (AH) as a cationic oil/water (O/W) emulsifier and additives as the activating ingredients of specific activities, such as the antimicrobial and/or antioxidant activities of some oils and vitamins. 15,17 Therefore, new formulations can be evaluated to determine the best composition and stability of the active ingredient-added emulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of mycosporine‐like amino acid (MAA)‐loaded emulsions as chemical barriers to control sunscald in fruits and vegetables

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND Sunscald is a physiological disorder that occurs in many horticultural products when exposed to excessive solar radiation and high temperatures. Traditionally, sunscald is controlled using physical barriers that reflect radiation, however this practice is not always efficient. A possible alternative would be the use of chemical barriers, such as mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs), which protect aquatic organisms against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Thus, this study aimed to develop a lipid‐based emulsion containing MAAs for using in the preharvest of horticultural products. RESULTS Emulsions were developed using 10% (w/v) of corn oil (CO) and soybean oil (SO), carnauba wax (CW), and beeswax (BW) as lipid bases (LBs). The emulsion containing CW and ammonium hydroxide was the most stable, resembling commercial wax. Therefore, this formulation was used as the basis for the incorporation of the commercial product Helioguard™ 365, a source of MAA, in concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4% (v/v). The MAA incorporation resulted in little modifications in the stability of the emulsion, providing an increase in the absorbance with peaks in the UV‐B ranging from 280 to 300 nm. CONCLUSION The lipid‐base emulsion containing MAAs could be used as a chemical barrier to control sunscald in horticultural products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of mycosporine‐like amino acid (MAA)‐loaded emulsions as chemical barriers to control sunscald in fruits and vegetables

et al. 2021

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“…The core alcohol of high molecular weight in Carnauba ( Copernicia cerifera Martius) wax, a palm tree that grows in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, is 1-Dotriacontanol, C32-OH, detected at RT 19.43 and 22.58 min [ 48 , 49 ]. Because of the presence of many n -alkanes, cycloalkanes and branched alkanes, as reported in Table 2 , the waxy component appears to also have a microcrystalline nature [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Ageing Procedures to Assess the Stability of an Unconventional Acrylic-Wax Polymeric Emulsion for Contemporary Art

et al. 2020

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This research evaluates the stability of an aqueous emulsion of acrylic copolymers and waxes. Edelwachs, generally applied on wood, has been recently used as an unconventional medium in contemporary painting. Through Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FT-IR-ATR) analyses, the composition of Edelwachs was defined as a mixture of acrylic polymers (MA, MMA, nBA, nBMA), Carnauba and microcrystalline waxes and additives. Mock-ups-obtained mixing Edelwachs with titanium white, zinc white and ultramarine blue were subjected to UV, high temperatures, and high relative humidity accelerated ageing. The effect of the ageing procedures was evaluated through optical microscopy, colourimetric measurements, FT-IR-ATR, Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) and wettability measures. FT-IR-ATR spectra do not show significant variations in terms of chemical stability, indicating a fair stability of Edelwachs as a painting binder. UV and high temperature treatments show the most relevant effects in terms of colorimetric changes (increasing of b*) and thermal stability. The TG-DSC highlights the influence of the pigments (specifically zinc white) mainly on the thermal behaviour of the acrylates. The unexpected decrease of wettability of the paint films, registered after ageing, may indicate a possible phase separation among acrylates and waxes.

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W/O emulsions featuring ethylcellulose structuring in the water phase, interface and oil phase for multiple delivery

Zhang

JingjingYu

Liu

et al. 2022

Carbohydrate Polymers

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Influence of wax chemical structure on W/O emulsion rheology and stability

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Production of mycosporine‐like amino acid (MAA)‐loaded emulsions as chemical barriers to control sunscald in fruits and vegetables

Production of mycosporine‐like amino acid (MAA)‐loaded emulsions as chemical barriers to control sunscald in fruits and vegetables

Accelerated Ageing Procedures to Assess the Stability of an Unconventional Acrylic-Wax Polymeric Emulsion for Contemporary Art

W/O emulsions featuring ethylcellulose structuring in the water phase, interface and oil phase for multiple delivery

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