Influence of Weight-Control Attempts as Based on Self-Perception of Macronutrient Intake Among Young Females and Its Association with Mood Disorder

Abstract

Background There are a few studies on the association between macronutrients and mood, but none on weight control based on self-perception of specific macronutrients and mood. Objective To assess the association between anxiety and depression levels and weight-control attempts among young females based on self-perception of diet that impacts weight by limiting or boosting a certain macronutrient. Methods A cross-sectional survey conducted on young females (n=302) with an age range of 19 to 29. Dietary intake was measured using the Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24h-dietary recall. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Results Analysis of the data showed a significant and inverse association of macronutrients – carbohydrates (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.77–0.95; p < 0.01), protein (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78–0.97; p < 0.05), and fat (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.63–0.99; p < 0.05) – with the odds of abnormal anxiety was noted. In addition, lower omega-3 intake was significantly associated with abnormal anxiety score (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76–0.97; p < 0.05) and abnormal depression score (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.14–0.68; p < 0.01). Increased calorie intake is associated with an increased risk of anxiety scores. Conclusion This preliminary study found the importance of monitoring dietary intake, especially macronutrients, among the young population to screen for any onset of mood symptoms, especially for those who are following a specific diet without any supervision. Young people should be aware of the importance of following a balanced diet and seek dietitians’ consultation.