Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel Part II: mechanisms of stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment

Kromm, Arne; Lausch, Thomas; Schroepfer, Dirk; Rhode, Michael; Kannengießer, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s40194-020-00881-8

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This can be intensified due to external restraints or other phenomena like the hydrogen assisted cracking [ 25 , 26 ]. Stress relief cracking Cracking which occurs due to high strength and low ductility during post weld heat treatment [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Pore formation Pore formation occurs mostly due to a gap in the solubility of gases between the solid material and the melt [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-Melting Behaviour and Wear Resistance of Vanadium Carbide Precipitating Cr27.5Co14Fe22Mo22Ni11.65V2.85 High Entropy Alloy

2021

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High entropy alloys (HEAs) are among of the most promising new metal material groups. The achievable properties can exceed those of common alloys in different ways. Due to the mixture of five or more alloying elements, the variety of high entropy alloys is fairly huge. The presented work will focus on some first insights on the weldability and the wear behavior of vanadium carbide precipitation Cr27.5Co14Fe22Mo22Ni11.65V2.85 HEA. The weldability should always be addressed in an early stage of any alloy design to avoid welding-related problems afterwards. The cast Cr27.5Co14Fe22Mo22Ni11.65V2.85 HEA has been remelted using a TIG welding process and the resulting microstructure has been examined. The changes in the microstructure due to the remelting process showed little influence of the welding process and no welding-related problems like hot cracks have been observed. It will be shown that vanadium carbides or vanadium-rich phases precipitate after casting and remelting in a two phased HEA matrix. The hardness of the as cast alloy is 324HV0.2 and after remelting the hardness rises to 339HV0.2. The wear behavior can be considered as comparable to a Stellite 6 cobalt base alloy as determined in an ASTM G75 test. Overall, the basic HEA design is promising due to the precipitation of vanadium carbides and should be further investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cracking which occurs due to high strength and low ductility during post weld heat treatment [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Melting Behaviour and Wear Resistance of Vanadium Carbide Precipitating Cr27.5Co14Fe22Mo22Ni11.65V2.85 High Entropy Alloy

2021

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“…Compared to the BWI, API, and Lehigh 2015 tests, it applies a tensile load to the test sample on heating, aiming to replicate the effect welding residual stresses have on carbide precipitation and SRC susceptibility before reaching the PWHT temperature. It was shown that heating under tensile load affects the carbide precipitation mechanism [19] and may cause SRC failures in highly susceptible materials, which was experienced both in this work and in previous research [12]. Compared to the Lehigh 2000 and OSU 2014 procedures, the controlled straining on heating to PWHT temperature compensates the effect of thermal expansion on the applied tensile load and allows evaluating the effect of residual stress level on SRC susceptibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The grain boundary strain accumulation results from grain interior strengthening by precipitation of secondary carbides [2,3,6,23,26]. It was demonstrated that carbide precipitation in Cr-Mo steels is a fast process that can initiate heating during PWHT [14,19]. Grain boundary embrittlement results from diffusion-controlled segregation of impurities and tramp elements and precipitation of coarse carbides [2,3,6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test for stress relief cracking susceptibility in creep resistant chromium-molybdenum steels

Sarich

Alexandrov

Benatar

et al. 2022

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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An externally restrained stress relief cracking test was developed and demonstrated in testing susceptible and resistant to cracking welds in Cr-Mo steels. Compared to other externally restrained tests, it simultaneously applies stress and compensates thermal expansion during heating to post-weld heat treatment temperature and utilises digital image correlation for quantification of key characteristics of the stress relaxation and stress relief cracking phenomena. In contrast with resistant to stress relief cracking materials, susceptible materials experienced lower levels of stress relaxation, strain absorption, and sustained mechanical energy, with accelerated kinetics of strain accumulation and strain localisation leading to failure. The processes of stress relief cracking and stress relaxation were quantified as low strain -slow strain rate -low energy phenomena.

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“…The denser electron flow and prolonged local heat in the welding lead to higher dilution of the fusion zone, which means a wider weld bead [14]. Higher heat input caused higher internal stresses [14,15]. Higher internal stresses can cause lower mechanical properties [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of GTAW on the Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel

Elfallah¹,

Abdullah²,

Idris³

2022

JAMEA

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Tungsten metal arc welding (GTAW) is a highly popular welding technique in manufacturing. The welding factors such as welding current, voltage, speed, and gas flow rate play a significant role in determining the welding quality. This study discusses the effect of GTAW factors on the mechanical properties of commercial steel welding. Base metal thickness, welding speed, and current are the factors to be optimised for maximum tensile strength and hardness by Taguchi design (TD). The analysis showed that higher tensile strength welding has higher hardness. The increased tensile strength is obtained at increased base metal thickness, higher welding speed and lower welding current. In addition, higher tensile strength has been shown to obtain higher hardness—the higher hardness demonstrated at welding exposed to increased heat input that caused higher internal stresses. The higher base metal thickness obtained higher tensile strength due to the increased welding sample cross-section area and due to the phenomenon of the heat sink that minimised the effect of heat input and, thus, internal stresses. The welding made at 10 mm base metal thickness affected the results the most and obtained higher means, followed by samples fabricated at 150 A, while welding speed variation did not have much difference on the results. To obtain higher tensile strength, it is recommended to go for more increased base metal thickness, lower welding current, and faster welding speed when welding mild steel by GTAW.

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Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel Part II: mechanisms of stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Re-Melting Behaviour and Wear Resistance of Vanadium Carbide Precipitating Cr27.5Co14Fe22Mo22Ni11.65V2.85 High Entropy Alloy

Re-Melting Behaviour and Wear Resistance of Vanadium Carbide Precipitating Cr27.5Co14Fe22Mo22Ni11.65V2.85 High Entropy Alloy

Test for stress relief cracking susceptibility in creep resistant chromium-molybdenum steels

Effect of GTAW on the Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel

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