Influence of Wind Speed on CO2 and CH4 Concentrations at a Rural Site

Abstract

Meteorological variables have a noticeable impact on pollutant concentrations. Among these variables, wind speed is typically measured, although research into how pollutants respond to it can be improved. This study considers nine years of hourly CO2 and CH4 measurements at a rural site, where wind speed values were calculated by the METEX model. Nine wind speed intervals are proposed where concentrations, distribution functions, and daily as well as annual cycles are calculated. Contrasts between local and transported concentrations are around 5 and 0.03 ppm for CO2 and CH4, respectively. Seven skewed distributions are applied, and five efficiency criteria are considered to test the goodness of fit, with the modified Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency proving to be the most sensitive statistic. The Gumbel distribution is seen to be the most suitable for CO2, whereas the Weibull distribution is chosen for CH4, with the exponential function being the worst. Finally, daily and annual cycles are analysed, where a gradual decrease in amplitude is observed, particularly for the daily cycle. Parametric and nonparametric procedures are used to fit both cycles. The latter gave the best fits, with the agreement being higher for the daily cycle, where evolution is smoother than for the annual cycle.

Urban flask measurements of CO2ff and CO to identify emission sources at different site types in Auckland, New Zealand

“…This includes the source type, the magnitude of emissions from that source and the location of the source relative to the measurement site. Additionally, atmospheric transport has a significant influence on observed mole fractions [ 60 ]. Atmospheric transport disperses emissions so that sources closer to the measurement site have a larger impact on the observed mole fractions.…”

XCO2 Super-Resolution Reconstruction Based on Spatial Extreme Random Trees

“…Humidity impacts plant transpiration, affecting the rate at which plants absorb carbon dioxide [70]. Wind can disperse local gases, resulting in relatively lower carbon dioxide concentrations in localized areas [71]. The precipitation and temperature data used in this study are sourced from publicly available datasets at the National Earth System Science Data Center [72], while the humidity and wind speed datasets are from the Resource and Environmental Science Data Center [73].…”