Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke

Abstract

Background: Wood combustion emissions have been studied previously either by in vitro or in vivo models using collected particles, yet most studies have neglected gaseous compounds. Furthermore, a more accurate and holistic view of the toxicity of aerosols can be gained with parallel in vitro and in vivo studies using direct exposure methods. Moreover, modern exposure techniques such as air-liquid interface (ALI) exposures enable better assessment of the toxicity of the applied aerosols than, for example, the previous state-of-the-art submerged cell exposure techniques. Methods: We used three different ALI exposure systems in parallel to study the toxicological effects of spruce and pine combustion emissions in human alveolar epithelial (A549) and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines. A wholebody mouse inhalation system was also used to expose C57BL/6 J mice to aerosol emissions. Moreover, gaseous and particulate fractions were studied separately in one of the cell exposure systems. After exposure, the cells and animals were measured for various parameters of cytotoxicity, inflammation, genotoxicity, transcriptome and proteome.

Air–Liquid Interface Exposure of Lung Epithelial Cells to Low Doses of Nanoparticles to Assess Pulmonary Adverse Effects

“…Apart from simple monocultures, more complex cocultures including primary bronchial cells derived from healthy or diseased donors are also used to monitor acute inflammatory responses at the ALI and to address the enhanced sensitivity of vulnerable cohorts such as asthmatic patients towards particle exposure [ 53 ]. Combinations of more sophisticated biological systems with advanced and more comprehensive monitoring of adverse effects by OMICS analysis make it possible to investigate not only individual chemicals or particles at the ALI, but also complex mixtures such as combustion derived aerosols [ 15 , 16 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Systematic Review of Multi-Omics Approaches to Investigate Toxicological Effects in Macrophages

“…Ihantola et al, 2020 [ 138 ] was the only of the here reviewed publications, combining transcriptomics and proteomics not to investigate the effects of NMs but of spruce and pine combustion emissions in murine macrophages (RAW264.7) after 4 h. They found glucocorticoid receptor signaling, cytokine signaling, endocytosis, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress pathways, unfolded protein response, cell cycle G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation, aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, and PPAR signaling to be enriched based on the transcriptomics data. In the proteome, oxidation–reduction processes, oxidative stress responses and endocytosis were shown to be affected as well as regulation of RNA- and transport-related processed.…”

Carbonaceous aerosol composition in air masses influenced by large-scale biomass burning: a case-study in Northwestern Vietnam

“…Nitrophenols may originate from various primary sources, e.g. traffic, coal and biomass combustion, herbicide and pesticide 330 usage, but are predominantly formed by reactions of mono-aromatic compounds with OH radicals and NOx (Harrison et al, 2005;Li et al, 2016;Kahnt et al, 2013). An important subclass of nitrophenols are nitrocatechols which belong to the group of are UV-light-absorbing species (Brown Carbon) and are known to affect the radiative balance and climate of Earth (Laskin et al, 2015).…”

“…It generates secondary organic aerosol by oxidative conversion of organic vapors into the particle phase or aged POA by heterogeneous reaction between gas phase oxidants and POA or 50 homogeneous reaction within the liquid phase of a particle (Seinfeld and Pandis, 2016). Consequently, atmospheric aging affects the light absorbing properties of the aerosol particles (Martinsson et al, 2015;Zhong and Jang, 2014) as well as adverse health effects of the smoke (Kanashova et al, 2018;Ihantola et al, 2020;Pardo et al, 2020) may change (Nordin et al, 2015;Gilmour et al, 2015). Detailed chemical analysis of the highly complex OC fraction of ambient PM samples collected downwind of BB as well laboratory-generated BBOA and aging in oxidation reactors (Bruns et al, 2015;Ihalainen et al, 2019) 55 combined with in vitro and in vivo exposures may provide insights into potentially harmful constituents, atmospheric transformation processes and optical aerosol properties through marker compounds representative of POA and SOA.…”

“…Nevertheless, the excess ΔO3/ΔCO ratio is a commonly used proxy to investigate the age of BB plumes (Jaffe and Wigder, 2012) and to characterize O3 production in smoke plumes. In general, ΔO3/ΔCO usually increases with increasing plume age of the BB plume due to net O3 production (Parrington et al, 2013;Akagi et al, 2011;Jaffe and Wigder, 2012). ΔO3…”