Influence of X chromosome in sex-biased autoimmune diseases

Miquel, Charles‐Henry; Faz-López, Berenice; Guéry, Jean‐Charles

doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2023.102992

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…This might be associated with better resistance to infection in females due to the numerical superiority of the X chromosome. 33 Although several studies have found that vaccination induces autoimmune activity, our results suggest that the severity of early pSS is not significantly exacerbated by vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, compared with that in controls. [34][35][36][37] However, the type and potency of the vaccine used in different regions might affect the outcomes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…New‐onset pSS followed by SARS‐CoV‐2 persists predominantly among menopausal women, according to the demographic characteristics of our patients. This might be associated with better resistance to infection in females due to the numerical superiority of the X chromosome 33 . Although several studies have found that vaccination induces autoimmune activity, our results suggest that the severity of early pSS is not significantly exacerbated by vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2, compared with that in controls 34–37 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

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New‐onset primary Sjögren's syndrome following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: A retrospective cohort study

Liu,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Rheumatology & Autoimmunity

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BackgroundUnderstanding the clinical implications of autoimmune manifestations associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is essential to reduce its consequences. This study was aimed at determining the activities of new‐onset primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) since the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included data from 471 participants with dry mouths and eyes who had been attending Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital since December 2019. By April 2023, patients diagnosed with pSS were sequentially assigned to vaccinated group (n = 24) or vaccinated and infected group based on exposure (n = 20). Patients diagnosed with pSS within 3 months of vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 were assigned to a vaccinated group, and those who had been vaccinated and then developed pSS within 3 months of follow up after direct exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 were assigned to a vaccinated and infected group. The controls comprised age‐ and sex‐matched patients who had not been exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 before December 2019 (n = 21). We then compared data among the three groups.ResultsThe vaccinated and infected patients had more fever, malaise, splenomegaly, and weight loss before diagnosis and a higher European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index at the time of onset than the other two groups. Vaccinated patients had a higher frequency of anti‐nuclear antibody (ANA) titers > 1:320 (n = 12; 50%) and anti‐phospholipid antibodies (aPL) (n = 7; 29%) than the controls. The frequency of anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies (13, 65%), ANA titers > 1:320 (n = 16; 80%), and aPLs (n = 7; 29%) (n = 5; 25%) were all significantly higher in vaccinated patients with infection than those in the controls. Higher doses of glucocorticoids, cyclosporin A, and tacrolimus were administered to the vaccinated and infected than the vaccinated and control groups (p < 0.05, for all).ConclusionsPatients with new‐onset pSS and a history of vaccination and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection might have more active disease. Further strengthening the assessment of people with a clear history of SARS‐CoV infection and the monitoring of potential populations for autoimmune screening should not be overlooked.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

New‐onset primary Sjögren's syndrome following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: A retrospective cohort study

Liu,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Rheumatology & Autoimmunity

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Section: Female Preponderancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that around 5%-10% of the world population lives with AD, both men and women are affected but around 70–80% are women [ 11 ]. The female immune response is stronger than in men, which is believed generates a greater risk of developing ADs, due to female sex hormones, X chromosome genes, and the microbiome, among others [ 11 ]. Although female sex hormones play an important role, female predominance has been described in both prepubertal and postmenopausal women, suggesting that there are other associated mechanisms [ 11 ].…”

Section: Female Preponderancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the last summary of evidence about the topic [ 2 ] several publications sustaining the theory have been published [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , <...…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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The autoimmune tautology revisited

Anaya¹,

Beltrán²

2023

Journal of Translational Autoimmunity

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Unique Interplay Between Antinuclear Antibodies and Nuclear Molecules in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Pisetsky

2024

Arthritis & Rheumatology

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease that primarily affects young women and causes a wide range of inflammatory manifestations. The hallmark of SLE is the production of antibodies to components of the cell nucleus (antinuclear antibodies or ANAs). These antibodies can bind to DNA, RNA and protein complexes with nucleic acids. Among ANAs, antibodies to DNA (anti‐DNA) are markers for classification and disease activity, waxing and waning in many patients. In the blood, anti‐DNA antibodies can bind DNA to form immune complexes with two distinct roles in pathogenesis: renal deposition to provoke nephritis and stimulation of cytokine production following uptake into innate immune cells and interaction with internal nucleic acid sensors. These sensors are part of an internal host defense system in the cell cytoplasm that can respond to DNA from infecting organisms; during cell stress, DNA from nuclear and mitochondrial sources can also trigger these sensors. The formation of immune complexes requires a source of extracellular DNA in an immunologically accessible form. As shown in in vivo and in vitro systems, extracellular DNA can emerge from dead and dying cells in both a free and particulate form. Neutrophils undergoing the process of NETosis can release DNA in mesh‐like structures called NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps). In SLE, therefore, the combination of ANAs and immunologically active DNA can create new structures which can promote inflammation throughout the body as well as drive organ inflammation and damage.

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Influence of X chromosome in sex-biased autoimmune diseases

Cited by 24 publications

References 96 publications

New‐onset primary Sjögren's syndrome following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: A retrospective cohort study

New‐onset primary Sjögren's syndrome following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: A retrospective cohort study

The autoimmune tautology revisited

Unique Interplay Between Antinuclear Antibodies and Nuclear Molecules in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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