Influences of biotin deficiency and dietary trans-fatty acids on tissue lipids in chickens

Watkins, Bruce A.

doi:10.1079/bjn19890096

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The amounts of Ci 8:2n 6 present in liver and cartilage were lowest with the diet containing trans-fatty acids, which was to be expected because this diet was lowest in C lg: 2 n 6 content. In addition, birds fed the trans-fatty acid diet also showed much lower ratios of C20:4n6/Ci8:2n6 m liver and cartilage than those on the other lipid treatments, suggesting that the presence of the trans-fatty acids had inhibited the formation of the long-chain n-6 PUFA, as has been shown previously (Watkins, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The feeding of trans-fatty acids has also been shown to depress the proportions of C 20: 3n6 and C 20: 4 n 6 in liver phospholipids of chickens (Watkins, 1988). The metabolic effects of trans-fatty acids and positional isomers on depressing n-6 PUFA formation is well documented (Emken, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trans-18:1 fatty acids appear to reduce arachidonic acid synthesis by competing with linoleic acid for the A-6 desaturase and/or by lowering enzyme activity (Emken, 1984). Trans-fatty acids can be present in commercial broiler diets if these contain recovered vegetable oils from the restaurant trade (Al-Athari and Watkins, 1988), when hydrogenated oils are used or where repeated heating of the oil results in isomerism of the natural cis-fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogenated oil decreases tissue concentrations of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may contribute to dyschondroplasia in broilers

Watkins

Whitehead

Duff

1991

British Poultry Science

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1. In a factorial design of dietary treatments, male Ross broilers were given diets containing soyabean oil, hydrogenated soyabean oil (as a source of trans-fatty acids) or feed fat with either 0 or 300 micrograms of added D-biotin/kg. 2. Growth to 28 d was not influenced by the dietary treatments. 3. Length of tibiotarsal bones was reduced (P less than 0.05) and severity of leg bone cartilage lesions, characteristic of dyschondroplasia, was highest (P less than 0.05) in broilers fed on diets containing hydrogenated soyabean oil. 4. Feeding hydrogenated soyabean oil lowered (P less than 0.05) the concentrations of C20:4n6 and the ratios of C20:4n6/C18:2n6 in liver and growth plate cartilage. 5. Growth plate cartilage from birds affected with dyschondroplasia contained lower proportions of prostaglandin precursor fatty acids compared with normal growth plate. 6. It is speculated that an inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis brought about by the presence of trans-fatty acids might contribute to the occurrence of lesions similar to dyschondroplasia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogenated oil decreases tissue concentrations of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may contribute to dyschondroplasia in broilers

Watkins

Whitehead

Duff

1991

British Poultry Science

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“…Fatty acid compositions are given as weight or area percentages. Cis and trans 18:1 FAME were quantified after separation on silver-nitrate impregnated thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates followed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) (15). Mead acid was isolated in the triene band by argentation TLC (16), recovered, and quantiffed by capillary GLC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary lipids modify the fatty acid composition of cartilage, isolated chondrocytes and matrix vesicles

Watkins

Adkisson

1994

Lipids

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The effects of dietary lipids on the fatty acid composition of hyaline cartilage, epiphyseal chondrocytes (EC) and matrix vesicles (MV) were evaluated in chicks. A basal semipurified diet was fed to chicks containing one of the following lipid sources at 70 g/kg: soybean oil, butter+corn oil, margarine+corn oil or menhaden oil+corn oil (MEC). Articular and epiphyseal growth cartilage were isolated from the proximal tibiotarsus; EC and MV were subsequently released by trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) digestion followed by ultracentrifugation. The fatty acid composition of polar lipids in chick epiphyseal cartilage at three and six weeks, as well as articular cartilage, EC and MV at eight weeks of age revealed the presence of high levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (up to 85.5%) but low levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (2.6-10.2%). Mead acid (20:3n-9, > 3%) was also present in cartilage, EC and MV lipids, and was unaffected by the dietary lipid treatments. Total n-3 PUFA concentrations were the highest in cartilage, EC and MV of chicks consuming MEC. Feeding MEC lowered the levels of 20:4n-6 in cartilage, but increased 20:5n-3 levels. The data are consistent with those reported previously which showed that cartilage tissues are low in n-6 PUFA and that they contain 20:3n-9. We furthermore demonstrated that the PUFA composition of cartilage can be modified by dietary lipids.

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“…Fasting blood samples were drawn at baseline and after 2 and 4 mon of treatment. Analysis of the EFA composition of plasma and RBC membranes was conducted as described previously (57)(58)(59) with one procedural difference. The methanolysis was carried out using tetramethylguanidine (60).…”

Section: Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFA supplementation in children with inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behaviors

Stevens

Zhang

Peck³

et al. 2003

Lipids

289

196

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This pilot study evaluated the effects of supplementation with PUFA on blood FA composition and behavior in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)-like symptoms also reporting thirst and skin problems. Fifty children were randomized to treatment groups receiving either a PUFA supplement providing a daily dose of 480 mg DHA, 80 mg EPA, 40 mg arachidonic acid (AA), 96 mg GLA, and 24 mg alpha-tocopheryl acetate, or an olive oil placebo for 4 mon of double-blind parallel treatment. Supplementation with the PUFA led to a substantial increase in the proportions of EPA, DHA, and alpha-tocopherol in the plasma phospholipids and red blood cell (RBC) total lipids, but an increase was noted in the plasma phospholipid proportions of 18:3n-3 with olive oil as well. Significant improvements in multiple outcomes (as rated by parents) were noted in both groups, but a clear benefit from PUFA supplementation for all behaviors characteristic of AD/HD was not observed. For most outcomes, improvement of the PUFA group was consistently nominally better than that of the olive oil group; but the treatment difference was significant, by secondary intent-to-treat analysis, on only 2 out of 16 outcome measures: conduct problems rated by parents (-42.7 vs. -9.9%, n = 47, P = 0.05), and attention symptoms rated by teachers (-14.8 vs. +3.4%, n = 47, P = 0.03). PUFA supplementation led to a greater number of participants showing improvement in oppositional defiant behavior from a clinical to a nonclinical range compared with olive oil supplementation (8 out of 12 vs. 3 out of 11, n = 33, P = 0.02). Also, significant correlations were observed when comparing the magnitude of change between increasing proportions of EPA in the RBC and decreasing disruptive behavior as assessed by the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ) for parents (r = -0.38, n = 31, P < 0.05), and for EPA and DHA in the RBC and the teachers' Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) Rating Scale for Attention (r = -0.49, n = 24, P < 0.05). Interestingly, significant correlations were observed between the magnitude of increase in alpha-tocopherol concentrations in the RBC and a decrease in scores for all four subscales of the teachers' DBD (Hyperactivity, r = -0.45; Attention, r= -0.60; Conduct, r = -0.41; Oppositional/Defiant Disorder, r = -0.54; n = 24, P < 0.05) as well as the ASQ for teachers (r = -0.51, n = 24, P < 0.05). Thus, the results of this pilot study suggest the need for further research with both n-3 FA and vitamin E in children with behavioral disorders.

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Influences of biotin deficiency and dietary trans-fatty acids on tissue lipids in chickens

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Hydrogenated oil decreases tissue concentrations of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may contribute to dyschondroplasia in broilers

Hydrogenated oil decreases tissue concentrations of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may contribute to dyschondroplasia in broilers

Dietary lipids modify the fatty acid composition of cartilage, isolated chondrocytes and matrix vesicles

EFA supplementation in children with inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behaviors

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