Influences of dietary methionine and cysteine on metabolic responses to immunological stress byEscherichia colilipopolysaccharide injection, and mitogenic response in broiler chickens

Abstract

The present experiments were conducted to investigate influences of dietary methionine and cysteine on metabolic responses to immunological stress induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, and concanavalin A (Con A)-induced mononuclear cell (MNC) proliferation in male broiler chickens. In Expt 1, chicks (12 d of age) were fed on a S amino acid (SAA)-deficient diet (5.6 g S A M g diet) or on three kinds of SAA-sufficient diet (9.3 g SAAkg diet; low-, medium-and high-cysteine diets) which contained 2.8, 4.65 and 6.5 g cysteinekg diet, respectively. Plasma (11-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration and interleukin (IL)-l-like activity in chicks fed on the SAAdeficient diet were lower following a single injection of LPS than those in chicks fed on the SAAsufficient diets. At 16 h after LPS injection, plasma Fe and Zn concentrations and body weight were reduced, but AGP concentration and IL-1-like activity in plasma were significantly increased. These changes in body weight, plasma Zn and Fe concentrations following injection of LPS were not affected by dietary methi0nine:cysteine ratios. Plasma AGP concentration and IL-1-like activity in chicks fed on the high-cysteine diet were, however, greater than those in chicks fed on the other diets following a single injection of LPS. In Expt 2, chicks (7 d of age) were fed on the SAA-sufficient diets as in Expt 1 for 10 d. MNC proliferation in spleen induced by Con A in chicks fed on the highcysteine diet was greater than that in chicks fed on the low-or medium-cysteine diet. The results suggest that dietary cysteine has an impact on the immune and inflammatory responses.

Reevaluation of Methionine Requirement Based on Performance and Immune Responses in Broiler Breeder Hens

“…Cellular immunity which measured by heterophil to lymphocyte ratios, and CBH responses was not affected by dietary levels of methionine. The results were in agreement with the finding of Dabbert et al (1996) that showed methionine did not change wing-web PHA response in adult quail or the Con A-induced proliferative response of thymus mononuclear cells (Takahashi et al, 1997). In the contrary, cutaneous wing-web or wattle response to PHA in young broiler chickens were enhanced (Tsiagbe et al, 1987;Rama Rao et al, 2003) while heterophil to lymphocyte ratios was not affected by methionine levels (Rama Rao et al, 2003).…”

Acute phase reaction and acute phase proteins

“…It was discovered due to its binding to the C-polysaccharide of 1999) and birds after lipopolysaccharide (LPS), turpentine and croton oil studies in domestic fowl (Patterson and Mora, 1964;1965;Hallquist and Klasing, 1994;Tohjo et al, 1995;Takahashi et al, 1997;Nakamura et al, 1998;Chamanza et al, 1999a;Adler et al, 2001;Xie et al, 2002;Upragarin, 2005) and LPS and haemorrhagic enteritis virus investigations in turkey (Mazur-Gonkowska et al, 2004). For avian cytokines the reader is referred to (Lynagh et al, 2000;Sijben et al, 2003;Leshchinsky and Klasing, 2003;Abdalla et al, 2004;Kaiser et al, 2004;2005) pneumococci.…”

Nutrient partitioning between reproductive and immune functions in animals

“…For ruminants, the amino acid composition of MP is still uncertain and, at present, there is only limited information available on the amino acid composition of proteins involved in the expression of immunity. For example, it has been suggested that immune cells have a relatively high requirement for glutamine (Calder, 1995) and for cysteine and methionine (MacRae, 1993;Takahashi et al 1997;Dröge & Breitkreutz, 2000). Likewise, a relatively large amount of phenylalanine and tryptophan is required for the acute-phase protein response which is usually associated with responses to systemic infections or trauma (Reeds et al 1994).…”