Influences of dispersion media for chemically modified cellulose nanofibers on rheological and mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber reinforced high-density polyethylene

Sato, Akihiro; Yoshimura, Tomoaki; Kabusaki, Daisuke; Okumura, Hiroaki; Homma, Yoko; Sano, Hironari; Nakatsubo, Fumiaki; Kuboki, Takashi; Yano, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1007/s10570-021-03824-8

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We succeeded in gluing two sheets of paper together only by the simple operation of soaking the Japanese paper in the CNF solution and letting it dry. Recently, CNFs have also been used as film materials owing to their high transparency (Nogi et al 2009;Okahisa et al 2009) and as a nanofiller for reinforcing plastic molded products (Muhamad et al 2015;Sato et al 2021). It is also known to play a role as a reinforcing material for paper and fabric sheets by coating with CNF solution (Boufi et al 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach of adhesive property of cellulose nanofibers obtained from the discarded wooden part of Kozo plant

2021

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Reducing the amount of industrial crop waste and converting it into high value-added products in a sustainable manner will not only promote the use of biological resources but will also help in reducing the environmental impact. Bast fibers of Kozo (Broussonetia kazinoki) are a raw material of traditional Japanese paper, known as "Washi." However, the wood part of this plant is not used for Washi and is discarded. The aim of this study was to find a new future use for the wood parts of the plant. The first step was to confirm whether the wooden part of Kozo could be converted into cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). CNFs made from bast fiber alone and from bast fiber that included the outer bark were prepared as samples for comparison. Subsequently, the morphological and chemical structures of the raw materials, wood powder, pulp, and CNFs from each sample were analyzed. Consequently, we found that CNFs made from wooden parts have a chemical structure similar to that of the bast fiber, which is the raw material of Washi; however, it is the thinnest CNF of all those investigated. In addition, the CNF solution prepared from wooden parts adjusted to a 0.5-wt% concentration showed the highest viscosity characteristics and also the highest adhesive strength when applied to Japanese paper. These results indicate that waste wood parts have potential applications as chemical-free thickeners, adhesives, and restorative materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach of adhesive property of cellulose nanofibers obtained from the discarded wooden part of Kozo plant

2021

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“…Incorporation of nanofillers into HDPE offers a potential chance to upgrade the material’s physical properties while also improving its processing capabilities. HDPE has previously been reinforced with several different nanomaterials: carbon black, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), , cellulose nanocrystals, , carbon nanotubes, − graphene, − carbon nanofibers, nanoclay, , fibrillar nanoclay-sepiolite, silica and TiN nanopowders, alumina, carbon nanofillers, different metal oxide nanoparticles, ZnO, TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and inorganic particles like hydroxyapatite and nano calcium carbonate , are the examples of such materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofillers: Similarities and Differences and New Insight on Cavitation in Tensile Drawing

Rahmanian,

Galeski,

Rozanski

2024

Macromolecules

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Polyethylene nanocomposites with most of the known carbon nanoparticles (carbon black, nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, graphene, and reduced graphene oxide) were prepared and analyzed. Only carbon nanotubes and graphene platelets nucleated polyethylene crystallization and elevated its crystallization temperature by 3−4 °C. Single grains of the other carbon nanofillers did not show nucleation ability in contrast to their agglomerates. Hence, the number of nucleated polyethylene structural elements was less than the number of introduced nanoparticles by few orders of magnitude. The impact strength of nanocomposites increased by 30−40% for carbon black, nanodiamonds, fullerene, and carbon nanotubes, while it decreased by 25−30% for both plate-like nanofillers. In tensile stretching, polyethylene and its nanocomposites cavitated around the yield stress as shown by volume strain measurements. Surprisingly, small-angle X-ray data did not evidence voids smaller than approximately 10− 15 nm in diameter. The absence of small voids was noticed for plain polyethylene and all cavitating nanocomposites, for all local strains with fixed sample length and for all nanofiller concentrations. This observation opposes the common belief that the cavities are first initiated and subsequently slowly grow during further deformation. Apparently, cavitation pores of 10−15 nm diameter are formed suddenly in a single step. This value is surprisingly close to the thickness of the amorphous layer. It is suggested that, similar to ordinary liquids, the surface tension of the amorphous phase of polyethylene collapses small caverns. For strained amorphous polyethylene with the surface tension of 35.7 mJ/m 2 , the collapsing pressure for the 20 nm cavern would be 7 MPa. During stretching, the stress of 21 MPa would counterbalance the 7 MPa closing pressure. Such stress is generated close to the yield point. Any smaller cavities would require a larger stress and would collapse under the action of surface tension. This shows that the cavitation behavior of the amorphous phase of polyethylene at nanometer scale bears similarity to an ordinary liquid.

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Pre-fibrillation of pulps to manufacture cellulose nanofiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene using the dry pulp direct kneading method

et al. 2022

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The dry-pulp direct-kneading method is an industrially viable, low-energy process to manufacture cellulose nano ber (CNF) reinforced polymer composites, where chemically modi ed pulps can be nano brillated and dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix during melt-compounding. In this study, cellulose bers with different sizes, ranging from surface-brillated pulps with 20 µm in width to ne CNFs with 20 nm in width were prepared from softwood bleached kraft pulps (NBKPs) using a re ner and high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). These cellulose bers were modi ed with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), and then dried. The dried ASA-treated cellulose bers were used as a feed material for meltcompounding in the dry-pulp direct kneading method to fabricate CNF reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE). When surface-brillated pulps were employed as a feed material, the pulps were nano brillated and dispersed uniformly in the HDPE matrix during the melt-compounding, and the composites had much better properties (i.e., much higher tensile modulus and strength and much lower coe cient of thermal expansion) than the composites produced using the pulps without pre-brillation. However, when CNFs were used as a feed material, the CNFs were shortened and agglomerated during the melt-compounding, thus deteriorating the properties of the composites. The study concludes that the pre-brillation of pulps had a signi cant impact on the morphology and properties of the composites. Unexpectedly, the surface-brillated pulp, which can be produced cost-effectively using a re ner at an industry scale, was a more suitable form than the CNF as a feed material for melt-compounding in the dry-pulp direct kneading method.

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Influences of dispersion media for chemically modified cellulose nanofibers on rheological and mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber reinforced high-density polyethylene

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

A novel approach of adhesive property of cellulose nanofibers obtained from the discarded wooden part of Kozo plant

A novel approach of adhesive property of cellulose nanofibers obtained from the discarded wooden part of Kozo plant

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofillers: Similarities and Differences and New Insight on Cavitation in Tensile Drawing

Pre-fibrillation of pulps to manufacture cellulose nanofiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene using the dry pulp direct kneading method

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