Influences of Epidermal Cell Sizes and Flesh Firmness on Cracking Susceptibility in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars and Selections.

Yamaguchi, Masami; Satō, Isao; Ishiguro, Makoto

doi:10.2503/jjshs.71.738

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Osmotic potential of intercellular spaces in skin may be important for water uptake through the fruit surface (Christensen, 1972a;Sekse, 1998). Differences among cultivars for susceptibility to cracking may result from a combination of changes in inner fruit composition as studied in the present experiment, epidermal cell plasticity (Yamaguchi et al, 2002), pedicel/fruit junction permeability to water , and fruit surface characteristics, such as cuticle conductance to water Knoche et al, 2000Knoche et al, , 2001Peschel et al, 2003) as investigated recently.…”

Section: Relationships Between Osmotic Potential and Fruit Crack-ingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Is There a Relation between Changes in Osmolarity of Cherry Fruit Flesh or Skin and Fruit Cracking Susceptibility?

Moing¹,

Renaud²,

Christmann³

et al. 2004

jashs

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Rain-induced fruit cracking is a limiting factor for sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) growers in many production areas. Although many studies have concerned this complex phenomenon, the basic mechanisms involved in fruit cracking remain unclear. We re-examined the relations between osmotic potential and cracking susceptibility in cherry fruit by comparing the osmotic contribution of the major metabolites separately in flesh and skin, in four cultivars (with different levels of susceptibility to cracking) at four stages of development. Several differences were observed between flesh and skin revealing compositional gradients in the fruit tissues. Acidity and malate concentrations were higher in flesh than in skin for all stages. The absolute value of osmotic potential was higher but the contribution of the sum of sugars to osmotic potential was lower in flesh than in skin. As determined using fruit immersion test, `Fermina' and `Regina' were less susceptible to fruit cracking than `Lapins' and `Brooks'. At commercial maturity when fruit susceptibility to cracking was highest, no clear difference appeared between `Brooks' and `Lapins' compared to `Regina' and `Fermina' for flesh or skin osmolarity and for the contribution of the major sugars or organic acids to skin and flesh osmotic potential.

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Section: Relationships Between Osmotic Potential and Fruit Crack-ingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Is There a Relation between Changes in Osmolarity of Cherry Fruit Flesh or Skin and Fruit Cracking Susceptibility?

Moing¹,

Renaud²,

Christmann³

et al. 2004

jashs

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show abstract

“…In a similar way, Erogul (2014) reported that Ca applications to cherry fruits increase their firmness, as well as their resistance to cracking. Elsewhere, Yamaguchi et al (2002) observed that firmer cherry fruits can be more susceptible to cracking. Nevertheless, this seems to have been an effect of cultivar, as has been shown in blueberries, in which the relationship between the firmness of fruits and their cracking susceptibility depends on variety (Marshall et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate preharvest applications on fruit quality and cracking tolerance of sweet cherry

Balbontín

Gutiérrez²,

Wolff

et al. 2018

Chil. j. agric. res.

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Rain-induced cherry fruit cracking is one of the most important problems in the cherry industry, and its occurrence causes significant economic losses. Sweet cherry (Prunus avium [L.] L.) is a non-climacteric fruit affected by both abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) during development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of these phytohormones on cracking susceptibility and quality parameters of sweet cherry fruit ('Bing'), located in the central region of Chile. During two seasons, independent pre-harvest applications of ABA (0.1 mM) and MeJA (0.4 mM) or both combined, at fruit developmental stages of fruit set or fruit color change, significantly reduced the number of mature cracked fruit after 6 h of immersion in water (p < 0.05). In both seasons the combinations of ABA and MeJA applied at fruit set reducing cracking index in an 87% compared to the control without compromising the weight or the diameter of the fruits. Moreover, in the second season ABA and MeJA applications at fruit set increased fruit firmness (11% and 6% respectively) and fruit color parameters regardless of the fruit stage at application, although slight decreases in soluble solids content were observed in most of the treatments.

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“…The findings of the present investigation provide a basis for further mechanistic studies that will explore the relationship between the failure mechanics of the exocarp and the susceptibility of sweet cherry fruit to rain-cracking. Empirical correlations between morphological characteristics of epidermal cells and cracking susceptibility demonstrate that such relationships may exist (Belmans et al, 1990;Yamaguchi et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Strain in the Sweet Cherry Skin

Grimm

Peschel

Becker

et al. 2012

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Rain-cracking of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit involves failure of the exocarp caused by excessive stress and strain. The objective of our study was to quantify exocarp strain in developing cherries. The release of linear elastic strain was followed in vivo using a gaping assay, whereas the release of biaxial elastic strain was followed in vitro after excision of small exocarp segments (ESs) that were submerged in silicone oil and strain release quantified by image analysis. When mature sweet cherry fruit were cut (by making two or more deep, longitudinal incisions parallel to the stylar/pedicel axis and on opposing sides of the fruit down to the pit), the incisions rapidly “gaped.” The gaping wounds continued to widen as they progressively released the linear elastic strain in the skin. By 24 hours the combined widths of two gapes represented 8.8% ± 0.1% of the fruit circumference. Increasing the number of cuts from two to 12 increased the cumulative gape widths to 14.9% ± 0.2%. In ES, monitoring the time course of relaxation after excision revealed a rapid release of biaxial strain, having a half-time of ≈2.7 minutes. Relaxation continued, but at a decreasing rate, for up to 48 hours. Across eight cherry cultivars, the biaxial strain in the exocarp at maturity ranged from 18.7% ± 1.9% in ‘Lapins’ to 36.0% ± 1.8% in ‘Katalin’. Elastic strain in the ES was always lower than that measured in an isolated cuticular membrane (CM). Increasing the temperature from 2 to 35 °C increased the rate of strain release and also the total percent strain released at 96 hours. In developing ‘Hedelfinger’ sweet cherry fruit, there was essentially no elastic strain in the exocarp at 45 days after full bloom (DAFB). Thereafter, significant elastic strain developed, reaching a maximum of 47.6% ± 2.5% at 87 DAFB. The effect of exocarp cell turgor on strain in the ES (evidenced by the difference in the reversible strain between ES with and without turgor) was closely and positively related to the relative area growth rate of the skin (r2 = 0.957). Strain release peaked at ≈59 DAFB, and there was no effect of turgor on strain release in mature fruit. Our data demonstrated the following: 1) the exocarp is a viscoelastic material composite; 2) at maturity, plastic and elastic strain components make up 66% and 34% of the total percent strain, respectively; 3) elastic strain in the exocarp increases during Stage III development; and 4) the strain in the exocarp is unaffected by strain in the CM. Thus, the epidermis and hypodermis layers must represent the main, load-bearing structure in sweet cherry fruit with the cuticle making a mechanically insignificant contribution.

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Influences of Epidermal Cell Sizes and Flesh Firmness on Cracking Susceptibility in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars and Selections.

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Is There a Relation between Changes in Osmolarity of Cherry Fruit Flesh or Skin and Fruit Cracking Susceptibility?

Is There a Relation between Changes in Osmolarity of Cherry Fruit Flesh or Skin and Fruit Cracking Susceptibility?

Effect of abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate preharvest applications on fruit quality and cracking tolerance of sweet cherry

Stress and Strain in the Sweet Cherry Skin

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